Background:This study aimed at comparing the profile and personality traits of compulsive/heavy Internet users with that of average users. Methods: This study employed the causal-comparative research design. The population of the study consisted of 9800 students of Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, out of which 189 male students were selected through multistage cluster sampling. The selected sample responded to Young's Internet dependency test, the NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) as well as the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI). The data was analyzed by means of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results:The results indicate that compulsive/heavy Internet users that underwent psychological profile measurement, using MMPI, obtained significantly higher scores in hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychasthenia and schizophrenia, yet they obtained lower scores in hypomania. Moreover, it was shown that compulsive/heavy Internet users compared with average Internet users obtained higher scores in personality traits, such as extraversion and neurosis yet lower scores in conscientiousness and agreeableness. Conclusions: The profile and personality traits of compulsive/heavy Internet users compared with that of average users are different in some respects and indicate malevolence in some cases, which justifies addressing these traits.
Background and Objective: Marital Reducing stressors is an effective way to decrease blood pressure and its other associated symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on metabolic syndrome among patients with hypertension. Materials and Methods: This experimental research was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design. A total number of 50 cardiovascular patients referring to Shahrekord Cohort Study, Shahrekord, Iran, in 2019 were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=25 each). Metabolic syndrome indices, including blood pressure, blood sugar, glucose triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein, were used to collect the required data. All groups received the same standard medications under the supervision of an interventional cardiologist. In addition to the standard medical treatment, the experimental group received the intervention of MBSR (eight 90-minute sessions). The control group did not receive any non-pharmacological intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that MBSR was effective in improving metabolic syndrome symptoms in cardiovascular patients with hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusions: The employment of MBSR along with medical and pharmacological treatments could help cardiovascular disease patients to improve the symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
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