The characteristics of leachate and its probable risks on surface and groundwater pollution were investigated following the analysis of some chemical parameters of the leachate generated in Groundwater parameters, however, satisfy drinking water quality standard except, the concentration of NH 4 + -N (maximum 74.2 ppm) and K (maximum 25 ppm).

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A total of 263 angiosperm species under 210 genera and 79 families have been recorded from Dhamrai Upazila of Dhaka district. Of these, Magnoliopsida is represented by 200 species under 154 genera and 62 families while Liliopsida is represented by 63 species under 56 genera and 17 families. Asteraceae is the largest family in Magnoliopsida represented by 17 species, and Poaceae is the largest family in Liliopsida represented by 20 species. Habit analysis shows that herbs, shrubs and trees are represented by 166, 23 and 74 species, respectively. Sixty two medicinal plants have been documented with their uses for the cure of more than 30 diseases, and some of these are diabetes, jaundice, diarrhoea, dysentery, spleen and liver complaints, chronic ulcers, bronchitis, rheumatism, irregular menstruation, piles, urinary problems and heart diseases. Threats to the species have also been assessed and appropriate conservation measures suggested.

India's relative price of investment rose 44% from 1981 to 1991 and fell 26% from 1991 to 2006. We build a simple DGE model calibrated to Indian data in order to explore the impact of capital import substitution policies and their reform post-1991, in accounting for this rise and fall. Our model delivers a 23% rise before reform and a 31% fall thereafter. GDP per effective labor was 3% lower in 1991 compared to 1981 due to import restrictions on capital goods. Their removal and a 71 percentage point reduction in tariff rates raised GDP per effective labor permanently by 20%.

We examine the impact of the Allowance for Newborn Children, a universal baby bonus offered by the Canadian province of Quebec, on birth order, sibship sex composition, income, and education. We find a large response for third-and higherorder births for which the bonus was more generous. Interestingly, though, we find stronger response if there were two previous sons or a previous son and daughter rather than two previous daughters. We also find, in addition to a transitory effect, a permanent effect, with the greatest increase in one daughter-two son families among three-child households. Moreover, we find a hump shape response by income group, with the greatest response from middle-income families. Also, women with at least some post-secondary education respond more to the policy than those with less. These findings suggest that properly structured pro-natal policies can successfully increase fertility among different segments of the population while simultaneously diminishing the effect of gender preferences and fertility disparity related to women's education.

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Floristic study in Lalpur Upazila of Natore district has identified 216 species distributed in 173 genera and 72 families, of which Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) is represented by 188 species under 147 genera and 60 families, while Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) is constituted by 28 species under 26 genera and 12 families. In Magnoliopsida, Asteraceae is the largest family represented by 16 species, whereas in Liliopsida, Poaceae is the largest family consisting of 8 species. The genus Solanum is the largest in Magnoliopsida, whereas Cyperus is the largest genus in Liliopsida. Habit analysis reveals that herbs are represented by 118 species (55%), shrubs by 32 species (15%), trees by 50 species (23%) and climbers by 16 species (7%). Potential of the angiospermic flora has been recognized by the occurrence of 57 medicinal plant species which are used over 30 diseases for the primary health care of the local people of Lalpur Upazila. Though the study area is floristically rich, some plant species are under threats. The rare and medicinally as well as economically important species to this area need to be conserved through both in-situ and ex-situ approaches for sustainable development. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(1): 71-91, June 2019

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