Branch and trunk canker diseases have become prevalent on nut crops in Iran. During 2015 to 2018, extensive field surveys were conducted on 58 almond, 43 pistachio and 80 walnut orchards in Iran to study fungal pathogens associated with symptomatic trees. One hundred and fifty-six representative fungal isolates were selected and identified based on morphological characteristics and by phylogenetic comparison of DNA sequence data. Fungal species found were Collophorina hispanica, Pleurostoma richardsiae, nine species of Phaeoacremonium (namely P. angustius, P.
In order to study fungal trunk pathogens on some forest trees, a survey was conducted from various forest areas in Guilan Province (in the north of Iran) between October 2012 and May 2015. Samples were collected from branches of diseased trees, and fungal isolations were made from necrotic wood tissues on malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with 100 mg/L streptomycin sulphate. Fungal isolations from infected branches of forest trees yielded 53 hyphomycetous fungal isolates. All 31 strains isolated from Common medlar (Mespilus germanica) and Persian iron wood (Parrotia persica) exhibited a Phialophora‐like anamorph and were identified as Jattea algeriensis based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. All 22 strains isolated from necrotic tissues of Small‐flowered black hawthorn (Crataegus pentagyna) formed a Nodulisporium‐like anamorph and are identified as Biscogniauxia mediterranea on the basis of morphological characters and DNA sequence data. Pathogenicity tests showed that both species are pathogenic on M. germanica, P. persica wood and Small‐flowered black hawthorn shoots and B. mediterranea proved to be the most aggressive than J. algeriensis. This study is the first report of J. algeriensis on M. germanica and P. persica and also B. mediterranea on C. pentagyna in the world. In addition, J. algeriensis has not previously been reported from Iran and our work also provides the first record of this species in this country.
Biscogniauxia species are known as fungal trunk pathogens on various tree species in the world. During a survey of trunk diseases of fruit trees conducted in Iran, a branch dieback was observed on almond trees in Kerman province (in the Southeast of Iran). Evaluation of symptomatic branches revealed wood discoloration in cross-sections and the presence of fruiting bodies of an ascomycete fungus on their bark. A total of 31 fungal isolates were obtained, 13 isolates recovered from necrotic wood tissues and 18 isolates from fruiting bodies. These isolates were subjected to morphological analysis as well as sequencing analysis of the partial ITS-rDNA and beta tubulin gene sequences. These fungal isolates were identified as Biscogniauxia rosacearum. Results of the pathogenicity tests showed that this species is pathogenic on almond shoots. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report of this species on almond trees in Iran and in the world.
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