Linearly coordinated copper(I) carbene complexes, such as [1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene]‐(2‐picoline)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate (1), exhibit promising photophysical properties with regard to organic light emitting diode (OLED) applications. Their emission characteristics strongly depend on the surrounding (crystal, matrix, and solution). Here, the behavior of 1 in solution is scrutinized by steady state as well as femtosecond spectroscopy. In coordinating solvents, like acetonitrile and alcohols, 1 is shown to bind solvent molecules as ligands. In non‐coordinating solvents, femtosecond UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy reveals a tri‐exponential decay with time constants of 0.3 ps, 900 ps, and 0.7 μs. The time constants are assigned with the aid of quantum chemistry. A more complex decay is observed in coordinating solvents.
The photophysics of 2-cyanoindole (2-CI) in solution (water, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, acetonitrile‚ and tetrahydrofuran) was investigated by steady-state as well as time resolved fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The fluorescence quantum yield of 2-cyanoindole is strongly sensitive to the solvent. In water the quantum yield is as low as 4.4 × 10–4. In tetrahydrofuran, it amounts to a yield of 0.057. For 2-CI dissolved in water, a bi-exponential fluorescence decay with time constants of ∼1 ps and ∼8 ps is observed. For short wavelength excitation (266 nm) the initial fluorescence anisotropy is close to zero. For excitation with 310 nm it amounts to 0.2. In water, femtosecond transient absorption reveals that the fluorescence decay is solely due to internal conversion to the ground state. In aprotic solvents, the fluorescence decay takes much longer (acetonitrile: ∼900 ps, tetrahydrofuran: ∼2.6 ns) and intersystem crossing contributes. Graphical abstract
One of the major treatments for many diseases is organ transplantation. The objective of this study was to determine factors related to register as organ donors among Iranian college student based on the theory of planned behavior. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 college students in Hamadan University of medical sciences. Participants filled out a standard self-administered questionnaire including the expanded theory of planned behavior components. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using correlation, linear and logistic regression statistical tests at 95% significant level. Our result showed 6.6% of participants reported registered as an organ donor card. The most of participants have reported save people life most effective factor that motivation them to register as an organ donor card. The TPB variable, accounted for 33% of the variation in the outcome measure of the intention to organ donor card registered. The best predictor for organ donor card registered was subjective norm with odds ratio estimate of 1.23 [95% CI: 1.04, 1.44].Comprehensive educational programs need to emphasize on psychological factors that mediate and predict behaviors. According to the results, donor organ associated with subjective norms in community; It seems special attention to importance culture in the organ donation to save human lives utilizes by influence persons at community, could be benefit results.
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