Background: Thyroid hormone is critical to normal development of the baby’s brain and nervous system. During the first trimester, the fetus depends on the mother’s supply of thyroid hormone, which comes through the placenta. At around 12 weeks, the baby’s thyroid begins to function on its own. In our study, complete thyroid profile of all antenatal patients was done at the first antenatal visit along with routine investigations. Aim of the study was to study the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in low income, urban pregnant women.Methods: This is a retrospective study that includes 400 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Government medical college and hospital, Nagpur in the month of April 2017. These patient’s data was randomly selected in the biochemistry department where samples come. Thyroid profile is being done as a routine test along with other antenatal profile tests in our hospital. Thyroid profile test includes serum T3, serum T4 and serum TSH.Results: A total of 400 pregnant women were included in this study. Results showed 34% prevalence of hypothyroidism of which 30% being subclinical hypothyroidism and 4% overt hypothyroidism. There was 9.5% prevalence of hyperthyroidism of which 5.5% being subclinical hyperthyroidism and 4% overt hyperthyroidism.Conclusions: The study shows a very high prevalence rate of hypothyroidism in the patients attending the antenatal outpatient department at Government medical college and hospital, Nagpur. This justifies the inclusion of thyroid profile test as a routine test in the antenatal profile.
Introduction: In sickle cell anaemia, haemolysed iron is reutilised, moreover, iron stores are increased owing to the blood transfusions, hence, iron deficiency is less common in sickle cell anaemia. But iron decompartmentalisation, due to unstable haemoglobin, is thought to be the cause for oxidative stress. Hence, iron deficiency anaemia and sickle cell anaemia need to be compared and studied to provide better treatment and awareness. Aim: To compare the oxidative stress, antioxidants and iron indices among patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) and Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA). Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, from January 2016 to December 2018. Total 240 SCA patients {120 SS (homozygous disease) and 120 AS (heterozygous trait)}, 120 patients with IDA and 120 age-matched and sexmatched controls were included in present study. Oxidative stress markers Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), vitamin C and vitamin E, zinc and iron indices {Iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and serum ferritin} were analysed. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean age of SS patients was 19.01±11.43, AS was 22.01±11.78 years, control was 22.63±12.17 years, and IDA was 18.50±11.46. There was an equal distribution of both males and females in all groups. The mean of haemoglobin in SS was 7.40 g/dL, AS was 10.31 g/dL, IDA was 8.63 g/dL, and control was 14.81 g/dL. The mean value of mean corpuscular volume for SS was 65.71 fL, AS was 65.64 fL, IDA was 72.38 fL, and control was 87.68 fL. Zinc for SS was 82.65 μg/dL, AS was 82.13 μg/dL, IDA was 43.33 μg/dL, and control was 103.99 μg/dL. Conclusion: There is impairment in the oxidant and antioxidant status among patients with sickle cell anaemia with and without IDA.
Wilson’s Disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive condition that affects copper metabolism and manifests itself clinically in different ways. The diagnosis is indicated by low serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations, increased urine copper excretion and/ or increased hepatic copper concentrations. The present case report is about a 55-year-old male with chief complaints of loss of appetite, abdominal swelling, tremors in hand and head, slurring of speech for 10 days. Ultrasound (USG) findings were suggestive of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension and liver function tests were also deranged. He was prescribed diuretics and asked to review after 10 days. Kayser-Fleischer ring was observed through slit lamp examination in both the eyes, which is a hallmark of WD. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain also revealed positive findings-hyperintensity throughout the mesencephalon for WD. Thereafter, the patient was treated with penicillamine and his symptoms improved after few days
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