The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and causes of bile duct obstruction among patients with jaundice at the ultrasound departments in Riyadh hospitals. Methods and Results: The study included 525 records of jaundiced patients above 18 years old that were referred to the ultrasound department. Data were collected from PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) at three different hospitals in Riyadh. Of 525 adult jaundiced patients, 69 had biliary obstruction, a 13% prevalence. In our study, 38(55.1%) cases of obstruction were caused by stones, 14(20.3%) by tumors, 9(13.0%) by inflammation, 5(7.2%) by a nonfunctioning stent, and 3(4.3%) by pnemobilia. Obstructive jaundice occurred significantly more frequently with increasing age. The study revealed no significant difference between gender and the presence of obstruction. More studies with a larger sample size of obstructive jaundice patients are suggested.
Background: Computed tomography (CT) is one radiographic imaging modality that plays an essential role in detecting, characterizing, and assessing the complications of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of chest CT findings (typical and associated) in 202 Saudi patients with COVID-19. Methods and Results: Medical records of 202 patients diagnosed in Ohod and Al-Madinah National Hospitals (Al-Madinah Al-Monwarahwith) with positive COVID-19 infection from February 1 to March 1, 2021, were analyzed in this retrospective study. A verbal ethical agreement was obtained from the radiology department in these hospitals. Patients' demographic data and chest CT findings were evaluated. The majority of the sample was male 128(63.4%), and the largest age group was 50–64 years (41.1%). The typical chest CT findings for COVID-19 pneumonia (ground-glass opacification) were bilateral in peripheral lung fields (91.58%), subpleural zones (1.98%), and central zones (0.59%). Among COVID-19-associated findings, septal thickening was found in 4(2.0%) cases, air bronchogram in 13(6.4%) cases, lung fibrosis in 3(1.5%) cases, the atelectatic in 5(2.5%) cases, pleural effusion in 15(7.4%) cases, and pulmonary embolism in 1(0.5%) case. There was no significant difference in the COVID-19-associated findings among different age groups and genders. Conclusion: Pleural effusion and air bronchogram were the most common findings associated with ground-glass opacification in unenhanced chest CT.
Background: Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality to identify renal stones (RS) in patients with acute flank pain. This study aimed to evaluate the presence, location, and size of RS diagnosed by ultrasound in association with age, gender, and BMI among patients at Riyadh hospitals. Methods and Results: In this case-control study, a total of 250 records (130/52% for males and 120/48% for females) from 2018 to 2019 were reviewed from January to March 2020 at different hospitals in Riyadh. In this study, 150(60%) records of patients with RS and 100(40%) records of patients without RS were collected to evaluate the risk factor for RS formation in the central area of Saudi Arabia. A designed data collection sheet containing all variables (demographic and sonographic) of the study was used. Demographic data included gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). Sonographic data included RS presence (yes, no), RS location (right kidney [RK], left kidney [LK], both kidneys), and RS size (small [<0.5cm], average [0.5–1cm], and large [>1cm]). The study found that RS were more common among males than females (P<0.001). The results show that in normal BW, the frequency of stone presence was similar for RK and LK. In overweight patients, RS were more often observed in LK (P=0.000). We also found a significant association between BMI and RS size (P=0.049); the presence of smaller stones increases with BMI. There was no association between sonographic data and age (P>0.05) Conclusion: Among patients at Riyadh hospitals, females are less affected by RS than males. Gender is a significant risk factor for the development of RS. The effect of BMI is obvious on renal stone location and size.
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