The spreading of infectious diseases caused by the emergence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) pathogens is a global threat that has led to numerous deaths annually. In view of this, there is an overwhelming need to discover new bioactive compounds with effective antimicrobial properties. Concurrently, the genus Streptomyces has a growing reputation as a potential biological source of various antibiotics and other bioactive metabolites. Streptomyces sp. has been isolated from different sources, including terrestrial and marine habitats with a myriad of promising compounds that could be used to treat MDR pathogens. Therefore, this study presents a systematic review of the antibacterial activities of Streptomyces-derived secondary metabolites. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and checklist were employed in this studyto collect relevant articles from two research databases, namely PubMed and Science Direct. The selection process includes identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of articles. Several keywords and criteria were established for the screening and selection process. Based on the results, a total of 26 articles were selected from 70 potential articles. The articles were published between 2015 and 2020 with most studies being published in 2020, indicating an increased interest in Streptomyces and its derived compounds. Approximately 51 different PMMB 2022, 5, 1; a0000281 2 of 25 Streptomyces-derived compounds have been identified, ranging from crude extracts, pure compounds, and partially purified compounds. Various parameters were also used to assess their antibacterial activities, particularly the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (69%) and the zone of inhibition (11%). Moreover, the antibacterial activities of these compounds were effective on numerous gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, 46% and 54% of the selected studies were focused on inhibiting MDR and nonMDR pathogens, respectively. In conclusion, both crude and purified compounds from Streptomyces sp. exhibited strong antibacterial effects. It is expected that extensive future research would develop a standard method to compare the antibacterial strength of eachextracted compound from Streptomyces sp. and determine the most effective bioactive compounds to treat diseases caused by MDR pathogens.
Introduction: Obesity has been linked to coronary artery disease, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, stroke, and cancer. Pomegranate (Punica granatum; PG) has been used extensively in folk medicine for several therapeutic purposes. The goal of this study is to investigate the anti-obesity effect of PG peel and pulp methanolic extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The animals were separated into 7 groups namely Normal control group (normal diet); HFD-induced only as negative control group, and positive control group (HFD-induced + orlistat); treatment group included HFD-induced + peel 125 mg/kg, HFD-induced +peel 250 mg/kg, HFD-induced + pulp 125 mg/kg and HFD-induced + pulp 250 mg/kg. Results: It was observed that methanolic extract of peel and pulp PG 250 mg/kg showed low increment of body weight with a reduction in weight of liver, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat. Compared to the negative control group, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels were shown to be lowered for PG peel and pulp groups also showed higher values in high-density lipoprotein. Conclusion: PG reduced obesity-related markers in blood, liver, and adipose tissue and inhibited obesity caused by a high-fat diet probably because of its antioxidant properties.
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