The evolution of global mobile data over the past decades in broadcasting, Internet of Things (IoT), education, healthcare, commerce, and energy has put strong pressure on 3G/4G mobile networks to improve their service offerings. These generations of mobile networks were initially invented to meet the requirements of the above-mentioned applications. However, as the requirements in these applications continue to increase, new mobile technologies such as 5G (fifth generation), 5G and beyond (B5G, beyond fifth generation), and 6G (sixth generation) are still progressing and being experimented. These networks are very heterogeneous generations of mobile networks that will have to offer very high throughput per user, good energy efficiency, better traffic capacity per area, improved spectral efficiency, very low latency, and high mobility. To meet these requirements, the radio interface of future mobile networks will have to be flexible and rationalized the available frequency resources. Therefore, new modulation methods, access techniques and waveforms capable of supporting these technological changes are proposed. This review presents brief descriptions of the types of 5G, B5G, and 6G waveforms. The 5G consists of OFDM including its transmission techniques: generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), filter bank based multi-carrier (FBMC), universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC), and index modulation (IM). Meanwhile, the 6G covers orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS), orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) and orthogonal time sequence multiplexing (OTSM). The networks' potentialities, advantages, disadvantages, and future directions are outlined.
5G communication system is rapidly taking shape and for many organizations, including administrations, it is important to be aware of developments in this regard. At this stage, it is essential to know about 5G use cases and possible key technologies. This paper describes several anticipated 5G use cases across a handful of different sectors. It is important to remember that these comprise only a subset of possible use cases and these are all still new. As-yet more new use cases are expected to emerge and the need to prepare their adaption in 5G and beyond. From wireless transmission, wireless access and network perspectives, the possible key technologies of 5G, including Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Beam-forming, Device-to-Device communication system (D2D), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), Full duplex, Small cells, cognitive radio(CR), etc. and their latest progress are presented comprehensively and thoroughly. Each has enormous advantages but also limitations. The Full duplex which will help to double the capacity of the channel compared to the Half-duplex technology of 4G and Small cells combined with millimeter waves to have a wide bandwidth. These Small-Cells are essential for energy reduction and also for improving latency. But these Small-Cells require the use of intelligent antennas, that is to say, the diagrams of which are directive and reconfigurable at the request of the user Future research challenges regarding 5G and beyond wireless communication are also discussed.
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