Mahalingam Subathra scite author profile

Mentha spicata is a well-known spice that has a variety of biological properties and is abundantly available throughout the world. This study was designed to investigate the superoxide radical scavenging and antibacterial properties of different fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) of the ethanol extract of Mentha spicata. In addition, xanthine oxidase generated uric acid inhibition, reducing potential and iron chelating activity, also was investigated. Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest (B84%) superoxide radical scavenging and inhibition of uric acid formation at 40 lg/ml compared with the standard quercetin (B81%) at 30 lg/ml. The highest reducing potential also is observed in ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions, which were comparable to the reducing potential of quercetin and ascorbic acid. Iron chelating activity of solvent fractions was found to be better than standard of EDTA (79% at 3 mg/ml). In addition, all fractions showed effective antibacterial activity against five human pathogenic bacteria among the ten samples used. However, aqueous fraction showed maximum growth inhibition zone (B36 mm diameter at 6 lg/per disc) against Shigella boydii. Hence, we conclude that the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of ethanol extract of Mentha spicata exhibited higher superoxide radical scavenging and antibacterial activities.

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Genetic Epidemiology of Mitochondrial Pathogenic Variants Causing Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss in a Large Cohort of South Indian Hearing Impaired Individuals

Subathra

Ramesh

Selvakumari

et al. 2016

Annals of Human Genetics

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Mitochondria play a critical role in the generation of metabolic energy in the form of ATP. Tissues and organs that are highly dependent on aerobic metabolism are involved in mitochondrial disorders including nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL). Seven pathogenic variants leading to NSHL have so far been reported on two mitochondrial genes: MT-RNR1 encoding 12SrRNA and MT-TS1 encoding tRNA for Ser((UCN)) . We screened 729 prelingual NSHL subjects to determine the prevalence of MT-RNR1 variants at position m.961, m.1555A>G and m.1494C>T, and MT-TS1 m.7445A>G, m.7472insC m.7510T>C and m.7511T>C variants. Mitochondrial pathogenic variants were found in eight probands (1.1%). Five of them were found to have the m.1555A>G variant, two others had m.7472insC and one proband had m.7444G>A. The extended relatives of these probands showed variable degrees of hearing loss and age at onset. This study shows that mitochondrial pathogenic alleles contribute to about 1% prelingual hearing loss. This study will henceforth provide the reference for the prevalence of mitochondrial pathogenic alleles in the South Indian population, which to date has not been estimated. The m.1555A>G variant is a primary predisposing genetic factor for the development of hearing loss. Our study strongly suggests that mitochondrial genotyping should be considered for all hearing impaired individuals and particularly in families where transmission is compatible with maternal inheritance, after ruling out the most common variants.

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Evaluation of oral pentoxifylline in the management of oral submucous fibrosis – An ultrasonographic study

Jayachandran

Subathra

2017

Contemp Clin Dent

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Aim and Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oral pentoxifylline in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients by assessing the clinical symptoms such as burning sensation, mouth opening, and submucosal layer thickness and echogenicity using ultrasonography, both pre- and post-operatively.Materials and MethodsThirty study subjects were included in the study and divided into two groups in single-blind randomized manner, oral pentoxifylline and dexamethasone group. Burning sensation, mouth opening, ultrasonographic submucosal thickness, and echogenicity were recorded both pre- and post-operatively. Any adverse effects reported by the patients were also noted. The data collected were statistically analyzed, and response to pentoxifylline and intralesional dexamethasone with hyaluronidase was observed using ultrasonography.ResultsA highly significant reduction (P < 0.001) in burning sensation, improvement in mouth opening, and changes in submucosal thickness were noticed in both groups, and significant improvement (P < 0.05) in echogenicity in both the groups was noticed. However, pentoxifylline group showed marginally better improvement than dexamethasone group.Conclusion:Pentoxifylline can bring about significant improvement in OSMF, which can be used as better alternative where intralesional steroid was contraindicated or not well tolerated.

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Complete Mitochondrial Genome Analysis and Clinical Documentation of a Five-Generational Indian Family with Mitochondrial 1555A>G Mutation and Postlingual Hearing Loss

Subathra

Selvakumari

Ramesh

et al. 2014

Annals of Human Genetics

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SummaryHearing loss is the most common sensory disorder and is genetically heterogeneous. Apart from nuclear gene mutations, a number of inherited mitochondrial mutations have also been implicated. The m.1555A>G mutation in the mitochondrial MT-RNR1 gene is reported as the most common mutation causing nonsyndromic hearing loss in various ethnic populations. We report here for the first time the clinical, genetic and molecular characterisation of a single large five-generational Tamil-speaking South Indian family with maternally inherited nonsyndromic postlingual hearing loss. Molecular analysis led to identification of m.1555A>G in 28 maternal relatives with variable degree of phenotypic expression. The penetrance of hearing loss among the maternal relatives in this family was 55%. Sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome in 36 members of this pedigree identified 25 known variants and one novel variant co-transmitted along with m.1555A>G mutation. The mtDNA haplotype analysis revealed that the maternal relatives carry the R * T 2 haplotype similar to Europeans and South Asians. Sequencing of the coding exon of GJB2 nuclear gene did not show any pathogenic mutations. The results suggest that other nuclear or environmental modifying factors could have played a role in the differential expression of mutation m.1555A>G in postlingual hearing loss in this family.

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Genetic analysis of SLC26A4 gene (pendrin) related deafness among a cohort of assortative mating families from southern India

Chandru

Jeffrey

Pavithra

et al. 2020

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Low incidence of GIPC3 variants among the prelingual hearing impaired from southern India

Kalaimathi

Subathra

Jeffrey

et al. 2020

J Genet

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Automated Teller Machine (ATM)- A “Pathogen City” – A surveillance Report from Locations in and around Madurai City, Tamil Nadu, India

Joshaline¹,

Subathra²,

Shyamala³

et al. 2014

IJPHS

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<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ATM is used by millions of people in a day. It is meant to be a public utility device.Hence the microorganism’s plays a major role in accommodating the safer place, ATM.Hence to this account an elaborate survey was taken for complete assessment of microbiology in and around Madurai city. Swabs were collected from each ATM screen, buttons, floor, user’s hand, exposure of plates and also extended the work in relation with microorganisms prevalent in ladies toilet the samples collected from ATM were plated in nutrient agar plates. The results showed the presence of increased bacterial count subsequently, most pathogens on characterization extended revealed the genus of the particular organism<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> E-coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aures, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Salmonella, Serratia </em>and fungal species included <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aspergillus sp, Mucor sp and Fusarium</em>. Antibiogram study of bacteria also provides us information about the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacterial isolates.</span><p> </p>

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