Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) is a common health care associated infection worldwide and is result of wide spread use of urinary catheter and inappropriate antibiotics use. Cause of CAUTI is formation of pathogenic biofilm in the inner surface of indwelling urinary catheters and its early detection prevents various hazards as well as economic impact.This observational prospective study was done to see relationship between the pattern of microorganism in urine and biofilm and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns in 100 patients in Comilla medical college hospital, Comilla, Bangladesh. Selected patients had undergone catheterization for urinary retention or incontinence. The urine collected by suprapubic puncture and biofilm from indwelling catheter for culture and sensitivity.90% of urine samples and 100% biofilm showed growth of uropathogens. E.coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen (60%), followed by Klebsiella spp (14%). Multibacterial isolates was found from biofilm in 15 samples with long term catheterization. Biofilm strains displayed relatively high resistance against tested antibiotics. Highest sensitivity pattern found for E.coli in urine and biofilm for imipenem (95% vs. 92%), lowest for ciprofloxacin (20% vs. 16%). Catheter biofilm resistant to all tested drugs were found for E.coli in 6.95% and klebsiella in 5.55%. Urine samples resistant to all tested antibiotics only in E.coli 3.33%.E.coli was the most frequent isolate which showed the higher sensitivity to carbapenems, and lowest to the quinolones. Correlation was observed between biofilm production and multidrug resistance. A large-scale prospective studies suggested to make a guideline to manage UTI specially CAUTI.

Introduction:Psychological stress from the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can potentially aggravate the course of several stress-sensitive skin and hair diseases. This study aimed to determine the potential association of COVID-19 stress with hair diseases, such as telogen effluvium (TE), alopecia areata (AA), and seborrheic dermatitis (SD), among medical students in Bangladesh.MethodsThis online-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 medical students of Bangladesh using a self-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic information, status of hair diseases (i.e., TE, AA, and SD), COVID-19 fear scale, impact of event scale specific for COVID-19 (IES-COVID-19), and COVID-19 student stress questionnaire (CSSQ) scale, to determine pandemic-related stress. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association.ResultsOverall prevalence of TE, AA, and SD was 61.1, 24.7, and 57.7%, respectively, with female predominance in case of TE and male predominance in case of AA and SD. More than half of the participants had COVID-19-related fear and traumatic stress symptoms. In the multiple logistic regression model, smoking [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.93, 95% CI 1.29–6.65 for AA and aOR 4.19, 95% CI 1.83–9.56 for TE], COVID-19-related fear (aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.01–2.89 for AA and aOR 2.620, 95% CI 1.25–5.48 for TE), and COVID-19-related traumatic stress symptoms (aOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.08–3.13 for AA, aOR 2.61, 95% CI 1.19–5.68 for TE, and aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.14–3.25 for SD) were the risk factors of hair fall disorders.ConclusionOur study showed that a large number of medical students experienced TE, AA, and SD during the pandemic era. COVID-19-related stress and fear potentially have an association with these diseases.

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the most challenging global health threats. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common infection. Regional surveillance programs are necessary to update knowledge on antimicrobial resistance pattern where empirical antibiotic treatment is the mainstay. The aim of this follow up study is to see the changing trends in bacteriology and antibiotic resistance pattern among urological pathogens in comparison to similar study 5 years back. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study in Comilla Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh during the period of July 2015-June 2016. Midstream clean-catch urine samples were collected from 658 suspected UTI patients with age more than 12 years and inoculated in MacConkey& Blood agar media for semi quantitative urine culture and sensitivity test. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following clinical laboratory science (CLS) program. Results: Culture positive were in 198 samples among 658 inoculated samples. E. coli was isolated from 171(86%) samples which was the most predominant bacteria followed by Klebsiella and Enterococcus. UTI with E. coli was significantly increased in the year 2016 in comparison to 2011. Meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, tazobactum, gentamycin nitrofurantoin, and mecillinum found resistance against 0% to 12% of the urological pathogens. Bacteria offered high degree of resistance against commonly used antibiotics -amoxycillin, amoxiclav, cephradine and cefixime ranging 60% to 86%. Comparative study of 2016 vs 2011 shows significant increased resistance for ceftriaxone, amoxiclav and reduced resistance for nalidexic acid, mecillinum and cefuroxime. Conclusion: E. coli infection is significantly increaseing in follow up study from 2011 to 2016 with no steady increase in resistance to all antibiotics. Imipenem, meropenem, tazobactum, amikacin and nitrofurantoin still remain more sensitive while comparative study of 2016 vs 2011 shows significant increased resistance for ceftriaxone, and amoxiclave and reduced resistance for nalidexic acid, mecillinum, cefixime and cefuroxime.

Background: Osteoporosis is imposing public health burden especially in postmenopausal women and elderly population. It is leading cause of morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. Among multiple modalities of osteoporosis diagnosis, bone mineral density (BMD) is considered as a gold standard by WHO. Aim: Evaluate the alveolar bone changes in osteopenic and osteoporosis condition of postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Totally 1315 postmenopausal women were included in this study. All patients were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for BMD and dental radiograph such as orthopantomography and radiovesiography. Among those women 72 were normal, 276 were osteopenic and 967 were osteoporotic. Mandibular cortical index (MCI), pixel intensity (PI), mandibular alveolar bone mass (MABM), and Alveolar bone resorption pattern (ABRP) were evaluated from the dental radiograph. Calculation of mean and standard deviation, as well as correlation and difference, were performed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows (Windows XP). Results: The changes in the MCI (C2 and C3) were more in osteoporotic condition (87.48%) rather than osteopenic (31.34%) and normal (12.50%). The numbers of presenting teeth were more in normal and osteopenic women rather than osteoporotic women. PI and MABM were significantly different from normal vs. osteopenic and osteoporosis, osteopenic versus osteoporosis. Horizontal ABRP was more in osteoporosis women (91.21%). Conclusion: Changes in postmenopausal alveolar bone were strongly correlated with the BMD of systemic skeletal bone. This combined relationship can be used as an easy diagnosis tool for innovations in osteoporotic condition.

Short term fever, a major public health concern is commonly caused by influenza virus. This is a crosssectional surveillance study designed to identify common causes of short term fever and diversity of causative different viral strains specially influenza virus, done in medicine and pediatrics department, Comilla Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from November 2013 to October 2014. Patients having fever with flu like symptoms for less than 7 days was selected. Nasopharyngeal swab was analyzed by RT-PCR for detection of influenza A and B with other respiratory virus. Routine blood test, Malaria detection, blood culture for Salmonella, urine culture was done.Out of 529 patients virus was isolated in 122, of which Influenza, non influenza and mixed viral pathogens was isolated in 65,48 and 9 patients respectively. Salmonella, Malarial parasites and urinary tract infection (UTI) was found in 40, 4 and 8 cases respectively. Sixty five patients was detected influenza A and B (31vs34), with both A & B in one patient. Most of Influenza A and B cases were found in early monsoon. Among Influenza A positive cases, 29 belonged to H3N2 and 2 cases H1N1 (pdm09) subtype. This study revealed influenza A and B, salmonellosis and other non influenza viruses as main etiology of short term fever. RT PCR for virus is an important investigation for viral detection. Blood and urine culture is adjunctive investigation to detect salmonellosis and UTI. No avian and swain flue was detected.Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(2): 5-8