Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial disease in childhood worldwide and may have significant adverse consequences, particularly for young children. In this guideline, we provide the most up-to-date information for the diagnosis and management of community-acquired UTI in infants and children aged over 90 days up to 14 years. The current recommendations given by the American Academy of Pediatrics Practice guidelines, Canadian Pediatric Society guideline, and other international guidelines are considered as well as regional variations in susceptibility patterns and resources. This guideline covers the diagnosis, therapeutic options, and prophylaxis for the management of community-acquired UTI in children guided by our local antimicrobial resistance pattern of the most frequent urinary pathogens. Neonates, infants younger than three months, immunocompromised patients, children recurrent UTIs, or renal abnormalities should be managed individually because these patients may require more extensive investigation and more aggressive therapy and follow up, so it is considered out of the scope of these guidelines. Establishment of children-specific guidelines for the diagnosis and management of community-acquired UTI can reduce morbidity and mortality. We present a clinical statement from the Saudi Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (SPIDS), which concerns the diagnosis and management of community-acquired UTI in children.

The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (SARSCoV- 2), which was first reported on in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, causes a respiratory illness called COVID- 19 Disease. COVID-19 is most likely causing a hypercoagulable state, however the prevalence of acute venothromboembolism is still unknown. Limited data suggest pulmonary microvascular thrombosis may play a role in progressive respiratory failure. Here, we report a case of a child with an unusual presentation of COVID-19 presented initially by dry cough without fever and complicated by massive acute pulmonary embolism and lung infarction and treated successfully by hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, in addition to anticoagulant therapy.