Baghdad city suffers from random urbanized expansion and highly congested roads. The city environment has been badly affected by its air pollution and low green coverage. Through this paper, a Multi Land Use (MLU) approach is presented to provide areas for commercial and domestic purposes without needing to consume more green coverage of the city and also transform the neighbour land use to one place and change them to green areas. According to the results of this research, it was found that the bus terminals is the best choice for MLU and there are many places in Baghdad available to be MLU. Towards this, satellite images and CAD software have been used to find these terminal places and areas saving possibility. This is done by transforming neighbour land uses to be MLU in one place. These terminals were classified according to their areas into small (less than 10,000 m2), medium (between 10,000 to 40,000 m2) and big (more than 40,000 m2). For terminals of small and medium areas, shopping centres and hotels can be constructed over them, while for the big terminals, student accommodations and flats for domestic purposes can also be built over these terminals, in addition to shopping centres and hotels. As a case study for this research, the Bab Al-Muatham bus terminal was illustrated. The results showed that this bus terminal can be changed to be MLU and can save an area of more than 50,000 m2 through transforming the surrounding land uses to be MLU and change the transformed lands to be green areas.
This paper presents a study on the impacts of an inter-urban road development in the UK through a comprehensive investigation and clarification of the relationship between road-user benefits as a primary impact and changes in land values (CLVs) as a secondary impact. It seeks to offer a methodology aiming at coupling the conventional cost–benefit analysis (CBA) with aspects of economic impact analysis by avoiding double-counting of the results. The CBA model of an existing highway management tool was used to calculate road-user cost savings (RUCSs) of generated traffic, while CLVs were calculated over the same period using a statistical model newly developed for the purpose. A comparison of a 30-year time span was used to test similarities in trends of road-user benefits and CLVs. The main factors affecting the degree of similarity were found to be traffic and its prediction and, in particular, the traffic generated by the new road. It appears that over a 30-year period, a new road project has a positive effect on land values but a negative effect on RUCSs in the first years after construction. The latter increases for about 15 years and then follows a decreasing pattern in the last 10 years or so.
The increasing of population in Baghdad city with limited choices of transportation enforces people to choose motorcycle mode. This mode is preferable due to its simplicity and economically comparing with other modes of transportation, especially for low-income societies. The problem of this mode is the high accidents percentages. Accordingly, the city of Baghdad ` a challenge with increasing the motorcyclists in recent years. This problem is magnifying due to users who are not following traffic instructions. Besides that, the current road network did not get any modifications to handle this type of transportation. The absence of data related to the number of users and their characteristics decreases the problem's solution. This study is a trying to figure out this problem by discovering the motorcyclist characteristics through ` a questionnaire to about 500 users with different levels of educations and ages. The study revealed that the accidents are relatively high for most motorcyclists regardless their characteristics. The study recommended that the improvement of roads network should be started in the east part of the city where people are concentrated. The assessment of adding a lane for motorcyclists on a multi-lane roadway should be made before improving the whole city network.
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