Adequate management of phyllodes tumors of the breast (PTB) remains a challenge because of the difficulty in correctly establishing preoperative diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Ki-67, CD10, CD34, p53, CD117, and of the number of mast cells in the differential diagnosis of benign PTB and cellular fibroadenomas (CFs) as well as in the grading of PTB. Fifty-one primary PTB and 14 CFs were examined by immunohistochemistry.When evaluating CD117 expression, higher epithelial expression was present in CF as well as an increased number of mast cells in benign PTB. Stromal expression of Ki-67, CD10, CD34, and p53 were relevant to PTB grading, of which the first 3 showed significance in the distinction of benign and borderline PTB, as well as between benign and malignant PTB. P53 was relevant only for the discrimination between benign and malign PTB. None of the markers showed significance in distinguishing between borderline and malign PTB.
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been investigated in various types of cancer; however, the role of PD-L1 expression in breast cancer remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association of PD-L1 expression with clinicopathological variables, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in invasive breast cancer. A total of 965 articles were included from CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Of these, 22 studies encompassing 6468 cases of invasive breast cancer were included in the systematic review, and 15 articles were included in the meta-analysis. PD-L1 expression was associated with age ≥ 50 years, lymph node status-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, Ki67 ≥ 20%, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative. PD-L1 positivity was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio, HR, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.26–3.52; p =< 0.000); however, there was no significant improvement in DFS (HR 0.17; 95% CI −0.12–0.46; p =< 0.252). PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of favorable and unfavorable prognoses. However, the final clinical outcome was associated with lower OS and had no significant association with DFS.
It has recently been proposed to include an immunohistochemical marker of cell proliferation, Ki-67, as an element with which to classify the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the introduction of the Ki-67 marker on the molecular classification of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. This study was performed on 234 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast submitted to two immunohistochemical classification panels, one including Ki-67 and the other not. The data obtained with the two classifications were correlated with well-established prognostic factors such as histologic grade, the number of lymph nodes affected and tumor size. The molecular classification without Ki-67 identified: 136 cases of luminal A (58.1%), 19 cases of luminal B (8.1%), 27 cases of human epidermal growth-factor receptor 2 overexpressing (11.5%), 27 cases of basal-like (11.5%), and 25 cases of nonbasal-like triple-negative tumors (10.7%). When Ki-67 was included, this situation changed significantly, with the following cases being identified: 72 cases of luminal A (30.8%) and 83 cases of luminal B tumors (35.5%), resulting in a Kappa score of 0.216. Evaluation of correlations between the luminal A and luminal B tumor subtypes and the selected prognostic factors showed a statistically significant difference only when Ki-67 was included and only with respect to histologic grade (p < 0.001). The new classification with Ki-67 significantly altered the prevalence of the luminal A and luminal B subtypes and improved correlation with the histologic grade.
Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de doença de Paget da mama (DPM) entre os casos de carcinomas ductais diagnosticados em um centro universitário, entre 2003 e 2007, descrever as características clínicas e analisar a sobrevida desses casos. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, por meio da revisão de prontuários médicos. Foi realizada análise de frequência para todas as variáveis e utilizada curva de Kaplan-Meier para a representação da sobrevida global. Resultados: De 278 casos de carcinomas ductais de mama, houve 14 casos de DPM, determinando prevalência de 5,0%. Um caso foi excluído da análise por apresentar dados incompletos. A média de idade ao diagnóstico foi de 57,1 (±11,2) anos. Dos casos analisados, 11 (84,6%) apresentavam tumor palpável, e 9 (69,3%), lesão do complexo aréolo-papilar (CAP). Apenas um caso não foi submetido à mastectomia, por óbito durante quimioterapia neoadjuvante. Radioterapia foi realizada em 6 casos (46,2%), quimioterapia, em 11 casos (84,6%), e endocrinoterapia, em 6 casos (46,2%). A imunoistoquímica identificou 5 casos (38,5%) com expressão de receptores hormonais e 12 casos (92,3%) com superexpressão de HER2. A sobrevida global das pacientes foi de 61,5 (±13,4) meses e não houve recidiva local após um tempo médio de seguimento de 75,8 meses. Conclusão: Observou-se prevalência de DPM associada a carcinomas invasores com estádio clínico avançado, o que possivelmente ocasionou sobrevida global inferior à observada em estudos prévios para a região.
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