We report on a five-channel wavelength-division demultiplexer using substrate-guided waves in conjunction with a polymer-based Littrow hologram operating at 700, 710, 720, 730, and 740 nm. An average cross talk of -40 dB between adjacent channels is measured. Diffraction efficiencies of 69%, 78%, 83%, 77%, and 69% are both experimentally and theoretically confirmed for the five-channel device. We also present further study aimed at reducing the wavelength channel separation to 1 nm and find that achieving such a goal requires a device length of 6.4 cm corresponding to a propagation distance of 9.05 cm.
We present a surface normal optical interconnect with a l-to-12 collinear fan-out. Two types of polymer-based holograms were fabricated to provide a collinear l-to-12 fan-out from guided mode to substrate modes and twelve l-to-l surface normal interconnects. Fluctuation of up to 7.2 dB for the l-to-12 fan-out hologram was observed due to the oscillating and the film saturation effects of the transmission hologram. Diffraction efficiency better than 70% was observed for all the total internal reflection holograms. The result reported herein greatly enhanced optical signal processing capability of guided wave optical interconnects. The advantages of free space optical interconnect, such as global interconnect, three dimension, massive fan-out/fan-in capabilities, and surface normal optical interconnect, can be realized using the demonstrated architecture. The coupling from waveguide to fiber can be realized from the surface rather than the edge of a photonic integrated circuit.
We report a wavelength division demultiplexer (WDDM) using collinear surface-normal input and output coupling. The reported device employs polymer-based multiplexed waveguide holograms in conjunction with substrate guided waves. A two-channel WDDM device operating at 700 and 738 nm with diffraction angles of 45° and 50° are demonstrated. The peak diffraction efficiencies of 80% and 77% are measured for these two channels. A crosstalk of −31 dB between the two channels is measured. Variations of the diffraction efficiencies and of the bandwidths as a function of film thickness and index modulation are further considered. A good agreement between theoretical analysis and experimental results is obtained.
Experimental results of l-to-2 intraplane and of l-to-32 interplane V-shaped fanouts are delineated. Coupling efficiencies of 48% for surface-normal and of 45% for near-surface-normal interplane fanout beams are theoretically and experimentally confirmed. The influence of the angular fluctuation of a device having two multiplexed waveguide holograms with film thickness of 15 pm and index modulation of 0.04 is studied. The angle between the two grating vectors is determined to be less than 26" to keep the near-surface-normal fanout beams.
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