Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery datasets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5×10−8) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signaling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist.
A study has been made of 33 cases of granulomatous hepatitis. Of these, 12 were eventually established as cases of sarcoidosis, nine as cases of tuberculosis, and four as examples of primary biliary cirrhosis. No clinical diagnosis was ever reached in six cases.Analysis of the histological features of these cases shows that the presence of caseation or of tubercle bacilli will only allow for the diagnosis of approximately 50% of cases of tuberculosis. Histological features which are suggestive of tuberculosis are a paucity of granulomata, a scantiness of giant cells, a relatively mild surrounding chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, and an absence of reticulin. The granulomata are more likely to be due to sarcoidosis if they are numerous, contain many giant cells, are confined to the portal areas, and show a well marked surrounding non-specific chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate.Histological features of cases in which no clinical diagnosis was reached suggest that they are more likely to be due to sarcoidosis than to tuberculosis.
A field experiment was conducted to determine if the turf quality of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) was influenced by an interaction of genotype and nitrogen fertilization. The currently recommended level for maintenance of adequate quality in New Mexico bermudagrass turf is 48 kg N/ha per month during the growing season, the highest rate used in the study. The response of 10 bermudagrass genotypes, ‘Common’, ‘FB 49’, ‘FB 119’, ‘FB 133’, ‘N-7’, ‘NM-B1’, ‘Ormond’, ‘Santa Ana’, ‘Tifgreen’, and ‘Texturf 10’ were evaluated at N levels of 0, 16, 33 and 48 kg N/ha per month during the growing season. Color, density, and clipping yield responses of the genotypes differed for the four N fertility Ievels.‘Texturf 10’ had the highest overall ranking at 48 kg N/ha per month and ‘Ormond’ had the highest ranking at 32 and 16 kg N/ha per month. Thus, cultivar selection must be considered in arriving at precision N fertilization of bermudagrass turf.
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