Background: Hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] is the best standard for measurements of glycemic control level in type 1 diabetes mellitus, especially in children. As iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent finding in children with diabetes, it may affect HbA1c levels in those children. Aim of the work:To determine the effects of iron deficiency anemia on hemoglobin A1c in type 1 diabetes mellitus Patients and methods: This was cross-sectional analytic study was done on 80 children with diabetes with type 1DM receiving insulin therapy; the patients divided into two groups, 21 diabetic children with iron deficiency anemia and 59 diabetic children with iron sufficient state, attending to the pediatric department of Al-Azher University Hospital in Damietta from February 2019 to September 2019. All children included were subjected to complete medical history, general examination, systemic examination, and laboratory investigations; [Complete blood count [CBC], HbA1c, Serum Iron, Serum Ferritin, Total Iron Binding Capacity, Fasting blood glucose, Post Prandial blood glucose, and ESR].Results: In our study, we divided all patients [80 diabetic children] regarding glycemic control according to HbA1c value into three levels, the first level was optimal glycemic control level [HbA1c< 7.6%], the second level was suboptimal glycemic control [HbA1c 7.6 -9.0%] and the third level was poor glycemic control level [HbA1c> 9.0%], there was a statically highly significant increase in HbA1c value of the iron-deficient diabetic group in compared to iron sufficient diabetic group at all levels of glycemic control. Conclusion:Iron deficiency anemia seems to increase HbA1c value in diabetic children Type 1, at the same degree of glycemia.
Background: Group-A streptococcal serology is used for post-streptococcal disease diagnoses, such as acute rheumatic fever, and occasionally for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. The prevalence of rheumatic fever in school children aged 6 to 15 years ranges between 0.2 to 0.75 per 1000 children per year. The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in 1000 children ranges from 1 to 5.4. Aim of the work: To determine upper limit of the normal range of Antistreptolysin O titre in healthy school children, aged 6-15 years old in El Behira governorate. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study had been performed in EL Behira Governorate and the collected sample were tested in clinical pathology Lab [Al-Azhar University Hospital, Damietta]. A total of 3000 [1609 Males, 1391 Females] serum samples had been collected from children aged 6-15 years, had been tested for Anti-streptolysin O titer [ASO] by turbidimetry. Results: Normal value for the ASO titer rose sharply during early childhood and then declined gradually with age. The estimated titer that was 80% of the upper limit or normal at age 10 years was 287 IU/ml for ASO. Conclusion: This study provides the upper limit of normal value for ASO titre of school children. The "more than 400" rating should instruct clinicians in the treatment of post-streptococcal diseases in patients and provide valuable longitudinal evidence for potential intervention trials against streptococcal diseases in group A.
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