Induction of ovulation by adding DEX (high dose, short course) to CC in CC-resistant PCOS with normal DHEAS is associated with no adverse anti-estrogenic effect on the endometrium and higher ovulation and pregnancy rates in a significant number of patients. Induction with DEX appears to be independent on age, period of infertility, BMI or WHR.
Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery require close attention to providing adequate pain management. This randomized, double-blind, controlled study was designed to determine whether infiltrating the surgical field preoperatively with levobupivacaine, which is as effective as bupivacaine but causes fewer cardiovascular and central nervous system problems, would reduce the frequency, intensity, and duration of postsurgical wound pain in women treated for benign gynecologic disorders.Thirty-seven women undergoing laparoscopic surgery for benign conditions received an injection of 7 mL of a solution containing 5 mg/mL levobupivacaine 15 minutes before skin incision, whereas 37 others received the same volume of physiological saline. All incisional sites were infiltrated. An open laparoscopy technique with open step-by-step access was used for laparoscopy. Pain intensity was estimated using a 10-point visual analog scale 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. The 2 groups were similar with regard to demographic and intraoperative characteristics.Mean pain intensity was significantly lower in the levobupivacaine group than in control patients 6 and 12 hours after surgery. Actively treated patients required less analgesia postoperatively, and the mean time to ambulation was significantly less than in control subjects. Women treated with levobupivacaine also had a shorter mean postoperative stay, but this difference was not statistically significant.Postoperative pain after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery, performed under general anesthesia, is substantially lessespecially in the first 12 hours-if the surgical field is exposed preoperatively to levobupivacaine solution. Patients managed in this way require less postoperative analgesia. ABSTRACTAlthough particular human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes have been implicated in the origin of cervical cancer, little is known about whether multiple-type HPV infections influence the risk of cervical lesions. Coinfection with multiple HPV types reportedly is more frequent in younger women and those with cytologic abnormalities or impaired immune responses. The planned use of HPV testing in programs screening for cervical cancer makes this issue especially important. 706Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey Office Gynecology 707 708 Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey ABSTRACTEpithelial ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States, most often is detected in its late stages, and cytotoxic chemotherapy has been limited in its ability to cure the disease. Even after optimal debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, most of these tumors recur. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates angiogenesis in ovarian tumors, and preclinical studies have shown that anti-VEGF antibody can inhibit tumor growth. Gynecologic Oncology 711ABSTRACT Past reports suggest an association between adiposity and increased circulating androgen levels in late pubertal girls 18 to 21 years of age. Hyperandrogenemia in adolescents is viewed as a prelude to adult pol...
The tropospheric delay is a serious error source for positioning using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Since the scientific applications of GNSS positioning such as crustal deformation studies and earthquakes prediction require high accuracy in positioning, analysis of tropospheric delay calculation is necessary to improve GNSS positioning accuracy.In this study data from ground based GNSS receivers are used to evaluate effect of the tropospheric delay in position determination accuracy. These data are also used to study the tropospheric delay characteristics. The collected GNSS data are for the year 2013, taken from 8 stations from Egypt Permanent GNSS Network (EPGN) and 13 IGS stations. The GNSS data were processed using advanced GNSS software called Bernese V 5.0.The results show that the RMS of the coordinates is better in case of making estimation for the troposphere ZWD and bad in case of ignoring the troposphere. Also there is a correlation between the troposphere and the height component. The troposphere ZWD values have daily, temporal and spatial variation, depending on time in the day, day in the year, geographic location of the station and how near it to water. The ZWD values also go upward from the start to the end of the year, and also it shows high correlation with the water vapor content in the troposphere.
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