This study was designed primarily to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extracts from fruits of six Rumex L. species: R. acetosa L., R. acetosella L., R. confertus Willd., R. crispus L., R. hydrolapathum Huds. and R. obtusifolius L. The 7 Grampositive and 7 Gram-negative bacteria strains and 5 fungal ones were tested by agar and broth dilution method. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) revealed that the extracts from R. confertus, R. crispus, R. hydrolapathum and R. obtusifolius exerted differential inhibitory effect on the growth of Gram-positive bacteria — staphylococci (MIC=62.5–125 µg/mL) and Gramnegative bacteria — Escherichia coli ATCC 3521, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=125→500 µg/mL); MIC values determined by agar dilution method were somewhat higher. The same extracts inhibited also the growth of fungi — Candida spp. or Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533 (MIC=250–500 µg/mL), as found by agar dilution method. The total content of polyphenols (11.66–78.36 mg/g), anthracene derivatives (0.26–12.93 mg/g) and tannins (4.00–11.16%) was also determined.
Eight anthracene derivatives (chrysophanol, physcion, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, barbaloin, sennoside A and sennoside B) were signified in six species of Rumex L. genus: R. acetosa L., R. acetosella L., R. confertus Willd., R. crispus L., R. hydrolapathum Huds. and R. obtusifolius L. For the investigations methanolic extracts were prepared from the roots, leaves and fruits of these species. Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography was applied for separation, identification and quantitative determination of anthracene derivatives. The identity of these compounds was further confirmed with UV-VIS. Received data were compared. The roots are the best organs for the accumulation of anthraquinones. The total amount of the detected compounds was the largest in the roots of R. confertus (163.42 mg/g), smaller in roots R. crispus (25.22 mg/g) and the smallest in roots of R. hydrolapathum (1.02 mg/g)
We used the DPPH method to assess in vitro the antiradical activity of extracts from the roots, leaves and fruits of six Rumex L. (dock) species. Data from preliminary screening indicated that all the tested extracts showed antioxidant properties. The degree of antiradical activity depended upon the plant part. Fruit extracts from R. hydrolapathum Huds., R. obtusifolius L. and R. confertus Willd. showed stronger antiradical properties than the other tested material. We also determined tannin content levels in the extracts and their correlation with antioxidant activity.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Rumex, antioxidant activity, DPPH, tannins.ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 53/1: 125-131, 2011 DOI: 10.2478 (Hegnauer, 1973;Demirezer et al., 2001;Wegiera et al., 2007;Jimoh et al., 2008;Litvinenko and Muzychkina, 2008;Smolarz et al., 2008). Docks are still commonly gathered for consumption -raw leaves are eaten as salads or cooked as an ingredient of soup (Łuczaj and Szymański, 2007). Leafy vegetables in the Polygonaceae family, including docks, have been clearly identified as high-oxalate plants (Kasai et al., 1982;Guil et al., 1996; Torlá et al., 2005;Siener et al., 2006;Guerra et al., 2008), and for this reason they should not be eaten in large amounts or should be boiled to remove the oxalate content. Oils, fats and other organic compounds easily lose their stability and produce free radicals during oxidative deterioration. These radicals can be scavenged by antioxidants; thus an antioxidant-rich diet is vital for health (Karpińska et al., 2001). In recent years particular attention has been paid to a specific class of antioxidant phytochemicals, the polyphenols, which are naturally present in essentially all plant material. They are ubiquitous in vegetables, cereals, fruits and nuts, but also in plant-derived products such as wine, cider, beer, tea and cocoa (Guendez et al., 2005). Phenolics are antioxidants with redox properties, which allow them to act as reducing agents, hydrogen donors and singlet oxygen quenchers (Pietta, 2000;Kaviarasan et al., 2007). Natural antioxidant polyphenol molecules, such as tannins, present in food as endogenous factors or added as preservatives, are believed to scavenge radical and oxygen species, thus modulating exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress; they are at the center of interest because of their beneficial physiological property as scavengers of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) (Labieniec et al., 2003). Gallic acid is a well known natural antioxidant found widely in plants, and its derivative, methyl gallate, has a protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. Gallotannins showed stronger antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid did, and it was increased when Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/10/18 8:20 PM there were more gallolyl groups in the molecule (Wang et al., 2007). There are also reports on the antiradical properties of oxalic acid, a typical organic acid in Rumex species (Kayashima and Katayama, 2002;Yoru...
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