Introduction: Cochlear implantation is a fully accepted method of treating individuals with profound hearing loss. Since the indications for cochlear implantation have broadened and include patients with low-frequency residual hearing, single-sided deafness, or an already implanted ear (meaning bilateral cochlear implantation), the emphasis now needs to be on vestibular protection.Materials and Methods: The research group was made up of 107 patients operated on in the otorhinolaryngosurgery department: 59 females and 48 males, aged 10.4–80.2 years (M = 44.4; SD = 18.4) with hearing loss lasting from 1.4 to 56 years (M = 22.7; SD = 13.5). The patients underwent cVEMP, oVEMP, a caloric test, and vHIT assessment preoperatively, and, postoperatively, cVEMP and oVEMP at 1–3 months and a caloric test and vHIT at 4–6 months.Results: After cochlear implantation, there was postoperative loss of cVEMP in 19.2% of the patients, oVEMP in 17.4%, reduction of caloric response in 11.6%, and postoperative destruction of the lateral, anterior, and posterior semicircular canal as measured with vHIT in 7.1, 3.9, and 4% respectively.Conclusions: Hearing preservation techniques in cochlear implantation are connected with vestibular protection, but the risk of vestibular damage in never totally eliminated. The vestibular preservation is associated with hearing preservation and the relation is statistically significant. Informed consent for cochlear implantation must include information about possible vestibular damage. Since the risk of vestibular damage is appreciable, preoperative otoneurological diagnostics need to be conducted in the following situations: qualification for a second implant, after otosurgery (especially if the opposite ear is to be implanted), having a history of vestibular complaints, and when there are no strict audiological or anatomical indications on which side to operate.

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Background: Vestibular symptoms and balance disorders are still common complaints reported by the patients after cochlear implantation (CI). Much research has been devoted to assess dizzy patients after cochlear implantation using both self-prepared questionnaires as well as validated life-quality scales. From this work, various approaches to classifying symptoms according to their onset and duration have been recommended. Material and methods:We studied 101 patients after round window approach (RWA) cochlear implantation giving them a self-prepared questionnaire asking them to list their major vestibular complaints formulated according to the consensus document of the Barany Society Committee for the classification of vestibular disorders. Those with persistent symptoms (both postoperatively and existing preoperatively) also filled in a DHI questionnaire. Additionally, cVEMP, oVEMP, caloric, and vHIT tests were performed before and after the CI procedure. Results:The 101 patients were divided into four groups: with early symptoms (n = 25), with late symptoms (n = 2), with preoperative symptoms (n = 13), and with no symptoms (n = 61). Among the patients with early symptoms, 15 reported spontaneous vertigo attack, 6 only unsteadiness and/or lateropulsion, and 4 had other symptoms such as orthostatic vertigo, positional vertigo, visual tilt, and head-motion vertigo. Conclusions:Close to 40% of the CI recipients suffered from vestibular complaints, either in the postoperative period or from already existing preoperative symptoms. The vast majority of postoperative complaints were transient and only rare cases (with preexisting inner ear pathologies and/or comorbidities) evolved into persistent dysfunction.

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Wprowadzenie: Nowoczesne technologie, tj. sztuczna inteligencja (AI), w niezwykłym tempie stają się elementem wspomagającym opiniowanie w zakresie diagnostyki dysfunkcji błędnika. Według naukowców sztuczna inteligencja szybko analizuje obszerne dane dzięki zastosowaniu algorytmów, a w rezultacie wyniki są szczegółowe i precyzyjne. Materiał i metody: W przeglądzie zawierają się wybrane publikacje z lat 2015-2021 dostępne w bazach: PubMed, Science Direct oraz Web of Science, dotyczące zastosowania uczenia maszynowego w diagnostyce częstych zaburzeń narządu przedsionkowego. Wnioski: Z klinicznego punktu widzenia ze względu na liczne czynniki, które wpływają na odczucie zawrotów głowy i zaburzenia postawy, wprowadzenie sztucznej inteligencji do samodzielnej oceny funkcji narządu przedsionkowego nie jest jeszcze możliwe. W niniejszej pracy wskazuje się na potrzebę analizowania obiektywnych badań diagnostycznych zarówno przez uczenie maszynowe, jak i lekarza, co łącznie staje się istotnym elementem w pracy klinicznej. Słowa kluczowe: narząd przedsionkowy • zawroty głowy • sztuczna inteligencja • uczenie maszynowe • badania diagnostyczne