Początek lat dziewięćdziesiątych przyniósł ze sobą upadek systemu komunistycznego. W konsekwencji wiele z państw bloku sowieckiego rozpoczęła dążenia do wstąpienia, powstałej na mocy Traktatu z Maastrich (1992) Unii Europejskiej. Konieczne zatem było zreformowanie podstawowych instytucji i organów unijnych, tak aby były zdolne do zarządzania większą liczbą państw członkowskich. Pierwsza próba reformy instytucjonalnej został podjęta w 2000 r. w Traktacie Nicejskim. Przyjęte w tym dokumencie rozwiązania nie sprostały wymogom. Stąd przygotowano nowe rozwiązania, które zostały zaproponowane w tzw. Traktacie ustanawiającym Konstytucję dla Europy (2004), który ostatecznie nie wszedł w życie. Ostatecznie kształt reformy instytucjonalnej organów Unii Europejskiej został przedstawiony w tzw. Traktacie Lizbońskim (2007). W Traktacie tym zreformowano strukturę i funkcjonowanie najważniejszych instytucji i organów unijnych, w tym: Parlamentu Europejskiego, Komisji, Rady Europejskiej, Rady Unii Europejskiej i Trybunału Sprawiedliwości. Do najważniejszych zmian wprowadzonych Traktatem Lizbońskim należy zaliczyć zmianę systemu głosowania na Radzie Unii Europejskiej. Wprowadzono system podwójnego glosowania, który będzie obowiązywał od 2017 r. Ponadto, ustanowiono urząd Przewodniczącego Rady Unii Europejskiej, którego pozycja ma być podobna do pozycji głowy państwa oraz urząd ministra spraw zagranicznych.
The subject of the study is the right to information on the environment. It is a human right, but also a collective right, aimed not only at satisfying curiosity about activities, but also allowing for taking actions aimed at protecting the environment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the provisions of international, EU and Polish law in terms of similarities and differences in legal solutions adopted in the field of access to information on the environment. The research hypothesis is the statement that it is impossible to effectively protect the natural environment against its degradation by human activities without the right to information about that environment. The final conclusions indicated that the social activation is necessary to increase the level of using the right to information on the environment. It is necessary to change the mentality of citizens, but also of public authorities.
A characteristic feature of post-modernity is the atomization of society while at the same time far-reaching globalization processes takes place. In this context, one of the most important human rights is the need to define and protect its identity. The atomization of society is a consequence of the break-up of the family as well as traditional social structures such as the state, religious communities and trade unions. This phenomenon is accompanied by frequent changes of location. The concept of small homelands disappears. Globalization provides a person with a range of technical and electronic instruments that on the one hand make life easier and on the other hand pose a threat to people. Social media facilitate communication, but at the same time increase the threat to the protection privacy and sensitive data. The subject of the study will be the assessment of the legal framework for the protection of human identity against atomization and globalization processes in the European Union and the presentation of possible new solutions in this field.
Human rights were only recognized as a worldwide value after World War II. From then on, they began to set the direction for the further evolution of political systems and international law. They are a discipline somewhere between philosophy, in particular ethics, various branches of law and political sciences. Human rights, as one of the relatively young terms appearing in the dictionary of politics and societies, are a unique social and political value, as well as a criterion for assessing the activity of authorities, the constitution and other legal provisions. Recently, they have also become an important element of international politics and a program objective for governments. The aim of this study is to analyze human rights issues in the context of their deep and multidimensional crisis, their violations, politicization and ideologization, because despite the collected, written and accepted by almost all countries human rights, gross violations of them still take place, which in this century is a contradiction of this. what was supposed to be a guarantee of peace in the world, and above all, which becomes a negation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights itself.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.