Introduction: Impacted upper central incisors are a big aesthetic, developmental and social problem for patients. One of the causes of tooth eruption is dilaceration, which is the angulation of the tooth root in relation to its crown. The prognosis regarding the possibility of introducing teeth with dilaceration to the dental arch is uncertain and is characterized by a large number of failures. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature discussing the subject of impacted upper central incisors with confirmed dilaceration and illustrate this problem with the presentation of our own clinical case. Objectives: The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature discussing the subject of impacted maxillary central incisors with confirmed dilaceration and to illustrate this problem with the presentation of a clinical case. Material and methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching the medical databases of PubMed and Scopus. The search was carried out by entering the following keywords: dilaceration, impacted tooth, impacted maxillary central incisors. Non-systematic reviews of the literature were excluded from the analysis. Results: The result of searching the databases was a total of 706 articles. Twenty-nine articles corresponding to the objectives of the study were included in the analysis. Among them were original papers, meta-analyses and case reports. The problem of impacted upper central incisors with the diagnosed dilaceration is illustrated by the description of the orthodontic and surgical treatment of the case. Conclusions: Patients with diagnosed impacted tooth with dilaceration require detailed diagnostics to plan orthodontic treatment. The implementation of a comprehensive orthodontic and surgical treatment at an early stage of tooth development gives the best prognosis to introduce a tooth with dilaceration to the dental arch.
Starting from the reaction of thioquinanthrene 1 with sodium methoxide followed by the reaction with α,ω‐dihalogenoalkanes, title bis‐methoxy oligomers 4a‐c with four 3,4‐quinolinediyl units were prepared (40–91%). Acid catalysed hydrolysis of methoxy groups in 4a‐c gave tetramers 5a‐c (46–94%) with two 4(1H)‐quinolinone functions. The reactions of bis‐quinolinones 5a‐c with phosphoryl chloride in DMF run as deoxo‐chlorination and afforded tide dichlorotetramers 6a‐c (51–66%) with 4‐chloroquinolinyl groups. The treatment of bis‐methoxy tetramers 4a‐c with boiling phosphoryl chloride led to title α,ω‐bis(4‐chloro‐3‐quinolinylthio)alkanes 7a‐c (52–56%) and thioquinanthrene (65–70%).
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