Abstract. The aim of this work was to study the activity of several nanosized zinc oxides in the crosslinking of carboxylated nitrile elastomer (XNBR). In this article, we discuss the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles with respect to their specific surface area, particle size and morphology (spheres, whiskers, and snowflakes) on the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of vulcanisates. The morphology of nanoparticles considerably influences the activity of zinc oxide towards carboxylated nitrile rubber. As a crosslinking agent, zinc oxide with snowflake particles seems to be the most active. The application of nanosized zinc oxide allows the amount of ZnO to be reduced by almost 40%, as compared to vulcanisates containing microsized particles. Moreover, vulcanisates crosslinked with zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibit thermoplastic properties that enable this material to be recycled, which is very important from an ecological point of view.
The goal of this work was to study the influence of several ionic liquids and cationic surfactants on zinc oxide nanoparticle activity in sulfur vulcanization of acrylonitrile butadiene elastomer (NBR). In this article, we discuss the effect of ionic liquids and surfactants on the cure characteristics, crosslink density, and distribution in the elastomer network as well as on mechanical properties of the acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. Ionic liquids (alkylimidazolium salts) and cationic surfactants (alkylammonium bromides) decrease the vulcanization time of rubber compounds. Their application results in the increase of vulcanizate crosslink density as well as of the heterogeneity of elastomer network. The influence of ionic liquids on the acrylonitrile butadiene elastomer properties depends on the anion present in the molecule and on the length of alkyl chains attached to the imidazolium ring. The most active ionic liquids seem to be the ones with the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation or the BF 4 -anion.
Abstract. The goal of this work was to apply several zinc chelates as activators for sulphur vulcanization of acrylonitrilebutadiene elastomer (NBR), in order to find alternatives for the conventionally used zinc oxide. In this article, we discuss the effects of different zinc complexes on the cure characteristics, crosslinks distribution in the elastomer network and mechanical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. Zinc chelates seem to be good substitutes for zinc oxide as activators for sulphur vulcanization of NBR rubber, without detrimental effects on the crosslinking process and physical properties of the obtained vulcanizates. Moreover, application of zinc complexes allows to reduce the amount of zinc ions in rubber compounds by 40% compared to conventionally crosslinked vulcanizates with zinc oxide. It is a very important ecological goal since zinc oxide is classified as toxic to aquatic species and its amount in rubber products must be reduced below 2.5% at least. From a technological point of view it is a very important challenge.
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