Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein affecting survival of existing neurons and neuronal maturation. Patients suffering from several mental disorders exhibit reduced BDNF levels comparing to healthy population. In this systematic review we aim to evaluate the effect of broadly defined cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on BDNF levels in psychiatric patients. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar data bases. The resources were searched between 14 January and 3 February 2022. Following the inclusion criteria, a total of 10 randomized-controlled trials were included. The results of our research indicate that BDNF levels might be considered an indicator of a result achieved in psychotherapy of cognitive functions. However, no such correlation was observed for mindfulness-based practices intended to lower stress levels or improve the quality of life. It is important to notice that present research showed no consistent correlation between the increase in BDNF levels and the perceived effectiveness of the procedures. Thus, the exact role of BDNF remains unknown, and so far, it cannot be taken as an objective measure of the quality of the interventions.
“Painting with words” – on the style of Henryk Sienkiewicz’s reports from painting exhibitions
The paper aims to characterize the style of H. Sienkiewicz’s reports from painting exhibitions. The stylistic features have been determined from the genological perspective, with the assumption that the report is an alternative template for the review. The main stylistic features of the analysed texts are: 1. suggestiveness, graphical character, and persuasiveness, as features resulting from how the intention of the text was realized; 2. weakened adherance to templates, owing to the possibility of realization of various structural variants; and 3. eclectic nature, related to the richness of stylistic registers, including a sizeable repertory of means belonging to the artistic style, thematic vocabulary, and vocabulary directly linked to the subject of painting. Specialist vocabulary, concepts and terms characteristic of the art of painting, constitute a specific group.
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