The main aim of the study is to present a new innovative method designed by the author of non-destructive, accurate and morphometrical identification of fabric structural parameters, individual inter-thread pores (ITPs) in particular. The description parameters and fabric structure assessment methodology with the use of digital image analysis with author's copyrighted MagFABRIC software were created specifically for this analysis. The ITP parameters were described in three aspects: size, shape and location in the fabric structure. The study was conducted on two groups of fabrics: plain and twill weave. The need for a bimodal analysis of the fabric structure parameters was indicated, as it allowed for the structure differences identification in the test fabrics. The analysis results were compared to the air permeability test. The developed methodology is relevant to specialized fabrics (e.g. barrier fabrics, industrial filters and any other fabric where the ITP area is an important parameter).
We tried to use a new kind of filler with “core‐shell” structure as a crosslinking agent for carboxylated butadiene‐acrylonitrile rubber. We thought that the substance would be better dispersed in the polymer matrix than zinc oxide. Silica (ZnO/SiO2) whose surface was modified with amorphous zinc oxide from zinc nitrate was used. Its properties were investigated using gas chromatography. Finally we obtained unconventional networks containing ionic and complex bonds (as a result of reaction of elastomers' functional groups i.e. carboxyl groups with the appropriate neutralizing agent as metal oxide). Ionic clusters were formed in vulcanizates which influenced the mechanical properties and crosslinking efficiency. We confirmed the presence of these unconventional bonds by IR spectroscopy and DMTA analyses.
The paper describes the impact and importance of preprocessing methods of fabric image for detection of inter-thread pores (ITP), which is a new method of individual ITP identification. The aim of this experiment is to identify precisely every individual ITP of fabric structure by using optimal preprocessing algorithm for further quantitative, morphometric structural analysis of specialized fabrics (barriers, industrial filters, composites, others) in context of air permeability, flow resistance, UV radiation, viruses penetration, thermal comfort by estimation fabric porosity, especially macroporosity parameters and cover factor. The correct identification of individual ITP depends on the acquisition method and the preprocessing algorithm. It was conducted by analyzing the adaptation of digital image preprocessing methods for two structures of plain weave fabric in two magnification zooms, 1.25 and 0.8. Preprocessing operations were performed in the area of spatial operations of the image. The optimal preprocessing algorithm includes low-pass filtering, histogram equalization, nonlinear filtering, thresholding, and morphological operation. This algorithm was selected based on the factors developed by the author (ITP detection, RID factor—a difference between the real and model ITP areas) which rely on the ITP size, shape, and location. The graphic view of the ITP contour position on the fabric image is a verification element in the optimal preprocessing algorithm. The presented results of the air permeability of two different plain weave structures confirm the need to optimize the algorithm of pre-image processing methods to precisely detect each individual ITP in the fabric image.
The paper presents the influence of the design process on making the nonstandard patterns—constructional solutions in contemporary clothing design. A few examples of design processes have been presented, differing because of the source of inspiration and individuality of the designer in his or her strive to create original clothing forms. The influence of various factors connected with the development of new constructional solutions in clothing (including social, ideological, resulting from fashion trends, and the impact of the environment) has also been presented.
The paper presents the influence of fabric parameters and properties on the circle shape precision confectioning in the 2D plane. The properties of textiles affect the fit of the entire product, which is often subject to the subjective assessment of a technologist. In the case of cutting lines made in the two-dimensional area, it seems that there should be no problem with its implementation. Unfortunately, in the clothing, furniture, and automotive industries there are difficulties in combining the same and different textile and non-textile materials (leather). There is no objective method of predicting the precision of circle cutting shape, for different types and properties of fabrics. The work analyzes the shape of a circle cutting and stitching line in a two-dimensional area, taking into account selected properties of textiles (surface weight, elongation, relative bending stiffness). It turns out that the different properties of textiles cause, to a greater or lesser extent, the accuracy of a given circle shape. The fabric with the three-component composition of raw materials and the highest surface mass, as well as the smallest stiffness and high elongation obtained the highest precision of the circle shape reproduction. The least precision, i.e. the ability to maintain a given circle shape, was obtained in viscose fabric with low surface mass, high stiffness, and the highest relative elongation. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between shape and surface mass and the number of warp threads.
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