BACKGROUND: The outbreak of a coronavirus pandemic in 2019 posed a serious threat to the global population. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only been a public health emergency, but has also affected mental health worldwide. Patients were exposed to a number of significant stressors during COVID-19 infection by which it appears that it may have had a major impact on mental health. Little is known about changes in levels of psychological affect, stress, anxiety and depression during this pandemic.AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to analyze the most recent available literature on the association of pandemic COVID-19 with psychiatric disorders occurring both as a result of past infection and in response to stress associated with the new situation of a global epidemic of Sars-CoV-2 virus.RESULTS: The psychological effects of the epidemic are clearly noticeable. The study identified groups particularly vulnerable to developing symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Risk factors were also identified in people working in health care as having direct contact with the effects of infection with the new virus.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: Key elements of preventing psychological impact are the creation of a mental health organization. Another important task for governments is to create the conditions for economic security, as financial problems or job losses can also be the cause of mental crises.

Introduction. Postpartum depression (PPPD) is defined as the occurrence of a depressive episode in the postpartum period, with a peak incidence between 3-6 months. It is estimated that 1 in 10 fathers are currently affected, yet most research focuses only on postpartum depression in mothers. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze scientific reports on paternal postpartum depression in men. The available literature on 'postpartum depression among men' was reviewed based on the Scopus, PubMed and OVIDMedline databases. Brief description of the state of knowledge. The questionnaire useiIn the diagnosis of PPPD is the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a screening test for postnatal depression occurring in mothers, but it has also found application in fathers. Results. Fathers perceived a lack of perinatal health care education in relation to their needs and a shortage of specialist support. The father's disturbed mental state prevents him from taking full responsibility for the family and places a mental strain on the mother. At the same time, a poor partner relationship is a risk factor for PPPD. Paternal PPD is a danger to newborn children who are at a critical stage of their development. Conclusions. Fathers should be screened for early detection of PPPD and intervention in a disorder that lacks appropriate diagnostic tools. Public awareness of PPPD is important because fathers are particularly vulnerable, and can be lacking in meeting traditional expectations and modern fatherhood tasks.

So far, the rate of HIV-positive people who do not know their sero-status is about 14% and the percentage is higher among transgender women (TGW). They represent one of the most vulnerable groups to infection. HIV self-testing (HIVST) may be a way to reduce transmission of the virus. The aim of this analysis and in-depth review was to collect available data on factors that may influence the use and dissemination of HIVST among TGW. This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. All data from 48 papers were used. From the available literature, HIVST is a convenient and preferred method of testing due to its high confidentiality and possibility of being performed at home. However, there are barriers that limit its use, including marginalization of transgender people, stigma by medical personnel, lack of acceptance of sexual partners, and even cultural standards. Therefore, there is a need for activities that promote and inform on the possibility of using HIVST as well as enable easier access to it.

BACKGROUND:  The COVID-19 pandemic brought changes to daily life of many people. One of those affected by the global pandemic arena was work life. One of the results is burnout due to new challenges and stress associated with them. The most exposed occupational group were healthcare workers as the frontline in the fight against the virus, but not only this group could experience burnout due to the pandemic. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to review the most recent available literature on burnout associated with COVID-19. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. The Phrase "burnout and covid" was used to search the database. Search criteria were: all open access, 2020 and 2021, psychology and English. After Screening titles and abstracts 21 articles were analyzed in detail.RESULTS:  Many studies have shown that healthcare workers experienced burnout. The most vulnerable group were young, female nurses working with COVID-19 patients.  Burnout was also observed among parents, who started working remotely from home or who had to commute to their workplace despite the pandemic. Remote schooling also contributed to burnout among students and teachers.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the possibility of experiencing burnout there are several actions that could be taken. First of all a positive attitude and task oriented actions are helpful in coping in new, stressful situations. Other solutions are social support and psychotherapy.

Background: The term CAM denotes complementary and alternative medicine. However, CAM is practiced by individuals without academic medical education and formal eligibility for treating people. The extent of interest in CAM is considerable. The WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine has demonstrated that 87% of all WHO Member States legally recognise individual forms of CAM, and 100 Member States have national policies regarding such practices. In Poland, performing medical activities without appropriate qualifications is prohibited. Material and Methods: Diagnostic survey distributed as Google Forms was used as the basic research method with the research technique of a questionnaire. The questionnaire starting with a metrics part consisted of several questions regarding popularity and tendency of CAM, causes of CAM popularity, approach to those types of practices and patients as well as role of CAM during the pandemic. Sixty-one responses were obtained from physicians of different age, experience and speciality. Results: Ninety-five percent (95%) of doctors believe that alternative medicine can be dangerous; 67.2% think that the phenomenon of alternative medicine should be combated; almost half of the physicians surveyed believe that there is a fundamental contradiction between evidence-based medicine (EBM) and alternative medicine. Furthermore, according to 48% of respondents, physicians in Poland should be able to recommend and combine methods of traditional and alternative medicine. Conclusion: Doctors point to the increasing popularity of CAM among patients in Poland, the consequences of which cannot be determined because there is still a lack of research on the safety of alternative methods. The most frequently cited reasons for interest in CAM suggest that there is a need for a better tailored biomedical approach to individual patient needs.

Introduction. Perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa) is a rare family of mesenchymal tumours composed of epithelioid cells. Due to its very rare occurrence, little information is available on the imaging characteristics of this type of lesion. Case Report. A 16-year-old patient was admitted for diagnosis of an incidentally found lesion of unclear origin on MRI of the lumbar spine. Targeted MRI revealed a pathological solid-cystic mass within the pelis, in the left rectovesical pouch, infiltrating the bladder wall. A biopsy of the tumour was performed. On histopathological examination, a PEComa tumour was diagnosed. Control examinations were performed. The tumour was treated with embolization, surgical resection and Sirolimus therapy. Conclusions. The tumour showed the characteristic features of PEC-oma on imaging studies reported in the literature. Radiological diagnosis is not fully specific, therefore histopathological examination is necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION Every year in Poland 56,000 outside the hospital there is a sudden cardiac arrest. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine the level of knowledge of basic life support undertaken in prehospital management in rural areas. The second objective of the study was to assess needs for cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) training among adults in rural areas. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out with the use of an original questionnaire based on the review of literature and guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council. The questionnaire was shared by social media. The questionnaire consisted of the following parts: metric, experience of previous CPR, knowledge about CPR, assessment of demand and interest in expanding knowledge and skills in CPR. A total of 501 responses were collected, of which 316 from adult, non-medical rural residents were analyzed. RESULTS Over 85% of respondents knew how to assess consciousness of the victim, 95% of respondents knew when to start CPR. About 33% of the respondents did not know the correct location of  chest compressions. Moreover 65% of them could not identify the correct frequency of compressions. Although rib fracture was one of the most commonly cited concerns, it was a potential reason to discontinue CPR only for 4.5% of respondents.  CONCLUSIONS It was observed that there is a need for additional CPR training among rural adult residents. The information collected in this study may allow for the planning of appropriate educational activities to increase the level of knowledge about CPR in heart accidents.

BACKGROUND The term CAM denotes alternative, unconventional, complementary medicine. In practice, however, CAM is practiced by individuals without academic medical education and formal eligibility for treating people. The extent of this phenomenon is considerable. The WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine has demonstrated that 87% of all WHO Member States legally recognize individual forms of CAM, and 100 Member States have national policies regarding such practices. In Poland, performing medical activities without appropriate qualifications is prohibited. METHODS The pilot study was conducted to assess the directions of possible research on alternative medicine. Diagnostic survey distributed as a Google Forms was used as the basic research method with the research technique of a questionnaire. The questionnaire starting with a metrics part consisted of several questions regarding popularity and tendency of CAM, causes of CAM popularity, approach to those types of practices and patients as well as role of CAM during the pandemic. 61 responses were obtained from physicians of different age, experience and speciality. RESULTS As many as 95% of doctors believe that alternative medicine can be dangerous; 67.2% think that the phenomenon of alternative medicine should be combated; almost half of the physicians surveyed believe that there is a fundamental contradiction between evidence-based medicine (EBM) and alternative medicine. Furthermore, according to 48% of respondents, physicians in Poland should be able to recommend and combine methods of traditional and alternative medicine. CONCLUSIONS Doctors point to the increasing popularity of CAM among patients in Poland, the consequences of which cannot be determined because there is still a lack of research on the safety of alternative methods. The most frequently cited reasons for interest in CAM suggest that there is a need for a better tailored biomedical approach to individual patient needs.