The high-technology sector has a particular importance in the development of modern national economies. It affects both the level of competitiveness and innovation. This was a prerequisite for the study to assess the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the European Union (EU) countries. The starting point of the discussion was the definition of the concept of competitiveness, the competitive position of the advanced technology industry, and the classification of the high-tech sector. Based on the selected indicators, the competitive position and the rank of countries have been established. As for this, the indicators of the export share of the advanced technology sector in the intra-export market, the profitability of the high-tech sector, and the degree of export–import coverage were used. Based on the adopted indicators, a synthetic indicator of a competitive position has also been calculated which enabled determination of the most competitive country in the EU in reference to the industry. This enabled the identification of factors influencing the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the EU member countries.
The increasing use of advanced technologies by enterprises increases the importance of the advanced technology sector in national economies. For this reason, the purpose of the research presented in the study was to determine the competitive potential of the advanced technology sector on the intra-EU market in recent years. The evaluation was conducted using the labour productivity index, labour costs and the share of the number of high technology sector enterprises in the total number of enterprises in the EU sector. Based on partial indicators, a synthetic indicator was built which allowed for the precise determination of the potential of each of the countries studied. Enterprises in countries with a strong and stable economy have higher potential, are more developed and more easily tackle the new challenges that occur in the economy. Enterprises with low competitive potential are located primarily in smaller countries with smaller support possibilities. The decisive factor was, above all, the high productivity of work.
Despite a considerable body of research and gathering information on advanced technologies, there is still a study gap concerning its importance from the perspective of international competitiveness. Therefore, a question arises: what affects the competitive potential and how does it contribute to the competitive position of the high-tech sector in European Union (EU) countries? For this reason, a study was taken up to evaluate the competitive potential and competitive position of the high-tech sector in EU countries. Defining the competitiveness, competitive potential, and competitive position in the industry was the starting point for the analysis. Further, selected indices were used to evaluate the competitive potential and to establish a competitive position. The synthetic competitiveness index was also calculated. The study identified the decisive factors having an impact on the competitive potential and competitive position of the sector and the relationship between them.
Od wielu lat zmiany zachodzące w społeczeństwie i gospodarce mają wyraźnie charakter globalny. Technologie informacyjno-telekomunikacyjne (ICT) przyczyniają się do tych zmian i znajdują odzwierciedlenie w oferowanych produktach oraz usługach. Przedsiębiorstwa sektora ICT szybko dostosowują się do nowych warunków i wymagań społeczeństwa informacyjnego, w którym przetwarzanie informacji z wykorzystaniem technologii informacyjno-telekomunikacyjnej stanowi istotną wartość ekonomiczną, społeczną i kulturową. Mimo prowadzonych badań i systematyzowania informacji na temat sektora ICT wciąż istnieje luka badawcza dotycząca jego znaczenia na arenie międzynarodowej. Powstaje zatem pytanie, jaki wpływ na zrównoważony rozwój ma występowanie klastrów sektora ICT w krajach Unii Europejskiej? Było to przesłanką podjęcia badań umożliwiających określenie stopnia znaczenia sektora w krajach UE. Punktem wyjścia rozważań było zdefiniowanie technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnej i klastrów. Do oceny sektora wykorzystano: wskaźnik lokalizacji (LQ), wskaźnik specjalizacji (SI) oraz indeks klastra (CI). W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań wskazano czynniki decydujące o wzroście znaczenia sektora w krajach UE.
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