Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is defined as infection that occurring within 30 days after surgical procedure or within a year of implantation of prosthesis. Surgical Site Infection can happen in up to 30% of surgical procedures and records for up to 14% of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAIs). Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to assess levels of nurse's Compliance; knowledge and practice regarding prevention of surgical site infection Guidelines and identify the barriers facing nurses' compliance with surgical site infection prevention Guidelines. Design: Cross sectional descriptive study design self-reported survey. Settings: Data was collected from surgical departments from selected Menoufia Governorate Hospitals, Egypt. Sample: A large convenience sample of 450 nurses was selected. Initially 600 questionnaires were distributed, of which only 400 returned completed, a response rate of 66.6%. Tools: was comprised of the: 1) Pre-designed structured questionnaire to assess nurses' socio-demographic characteristics' and Nurses' knowledge, 2) Likert-scale: to assess nurses' compliance, nurses' practice and nurses' barriers facing nurses with surgical site infection prevention guidelines. Study period: The study was conducted from July to November 2019 in the selected hospitals. Results: nurses' compliance mean scores were in low level with a mean of 13.01, it is clear that most of the nurses have poor knowledge, most of the nurses have poor practice about surgical site infection, concerning the most barriers of compliance facing nurses with surgical site infection prevention guidelines, were lack of a professional model, having no enough time, and some measures for the prevention of surgical site infection are not nurses' responsibilities. Conclusions: Nurses working in the surgical related wards reported a low level of knowledge, practice and compliance regarding the prevention of surgical site infection guidelines. The most barriers of compliance with surgical site infection prevention guidelines that reported by nurses were, lack of a professional model, nurses do not have enough time,

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of application of team strategies and tools to enhance performance and patient safety at primary healthcare units on patients' safety and outcomes. Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (Team STEPPS) are specially intended to enhance patient safety through effective communication and teamwork skills. To examine, a quasi‐experimental (pre–posttest) design was utilized. Six primary healthcare centers in Egypt were selected. The subjects included composed of two groups: (1) All‐available healthcare providers (114) and (2) convenience sample of 108 clients. Four questionnaires were used, namely; the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC), Perception of Teamwork Questionnaire, the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction Scale, and Patient's Adverse Events Questionnaire. Results showed that there was a highly significant decrease in the level of weakness and the need for potential improvement of all 11 domains of the HSPSC survey except the staffing domain (p < 0.001). The teamwork perceptions scores showed significant improvement post intervention (p < 0.001). In addition, a highly significant decrease in the frequency of patient‐reported adverse events compared to a significant increase in patient satisfaction level was proved (p < 0.001). It may, hence, be concluded that Team STEPPS implementation had improved patient safety culture among healthcare providers and significantly improved patient outcomes.

Objective: A Health Belief Model seems promising as a framework for examining contraceptive behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of application of a Health Belief Model on changing mothers' beliefs regarding birth spacing in rural areas. Methods: Design: A quasi experimental pre-post-test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of application of a Health Belief Model on changing mothers' beliefs regarding birth spacing. Subjects: A simple random sample of 150 postpartum women were selected from the Maternal Child Health centers at El Hmoul and Shobra Blola villages, Menouf at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Instruments: (1) A Birth Spacing Interview Questionnaire to assess socio demographic data, reproductive history, knowledge about birth spacing, and mothers' practices regarding birth spacing; (2) Perceived Benefits Questionnaire to assess a Health Belief Model constructs such as perceived susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, health motivation and cues to action. Results: It was illustrated that regarding the perception of benefits of using contraception, 94% of the subjects agreed that benefits outweighed side effects and 100% of the subjects agreed that using contraceptive improved maternal health. Regarding the perception of barriers of using contraceptives, 90% of the subjects disagreed that using contraceptive increased their susceptibility to cancer. Conclusions: Application of a Health Belief Model proved to be effective in changing the health beliefs about birth spacing.

Epilepsy is one of the most common pediatric neurological disorders, which have negative psychological, emotional, and physical consequences of providing care. Nursing intervention is a key element of managing these patients and their families in order to reduce feelings of burden and enhancing coping among caregivers. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention on a feeling of burden and coping among caregivers of children with epilepsy. Design: A quasi-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest design) was used to achieve the aim of the study. Setting: The study was conducted at the outpatient clinic at the health insurance institute in Shebin El-Kom district, Menoufia Governorate. Subject: A convenience sample of 80 caregivers was used. Tool: I-A constructed interviewing questionnaire was developed by researchers to assess socio demographic data, medical history and family caregiver's knowledge, practices and opinions regarding child with epilepsy. II-Modified version of the Zarit burden interviewing questionnaire to assess feeling of burden. III-Coping Health Inventory for Parents to assess coping patterns of care giver's. The Results: the main finding of this study illustrated that, there were statistical significance differences regarding caregivers' knowledge and practices. Reduction of the feeling of burden and improvement of coping patterns after nursing intervention than before. There was a negative correlation between caregiver's knowledge, practice and feeling of burden and there was a positive correlation between (KPO) and coping among caregivers. The majority of the studied caregivers were mothers (76%) with mean age score37.21±5.22, more than half were secondary education, and the majority (75%) was not working. Conclusion: Nursing intervention was effective in improving caregiver's knowledge, practices and opinions, feeling of burden and raising coping abilities for caregivers of children with epilepsy. Recommendation: additional nursing strategies are needed around the time of the diagnosis with longitudinal assessment and follow up for both caregivers and their children.

Background: Diabetes self-management is defined as a set of skilled behaviors one engages in to manage one's own illness. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM, stage-based model) is one of the six most commonly cited behavior change models frequently assumed to be more effective than a control situation.

Background: Muscle cramps occur frequently among elderly hemodialysis patients, which can be avoided by the application of intradialytic stretching exercises. Purpose: Determine the effect of intradialytic stretching exercises on muscle cramps among elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. Setting: The study was conducted at hemodialysis unit in Meet Khaqan Health Center affiliated to Shebin El-Koum Fever Hospital. Sample: The study subjects comprised of a convenience sample of 50 elderly patients who were registered in dialysis unit's files. Instruments: First, Structured interviewing questionnaire. Second, cramp questionnaire chart and visual analogue scale. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference in the level of muscle cramps pre and post implementation of intradialytic stretching exercises (p < 0.001**). Conclusion:There was a significant reduction in the muscle cramps level after application of the intradialytic stretching exercises. Thus, these exercises are an effective and simple measure to prevent or reduce severity of muscle cramps among elderly hemodialysis patients. Recommendations: Intradialytic stretching exercises should be combined with routine nursing care for hemodialysis patients.

Background: Oral health is a state of being free from mouth of pain, oral and throat cancer, oral infection and sores, periodontal (gum)

Background:The respiratory support devices can save the lives of preterm and full term neonates with respiratory insufficiency. Wide and early usage of non-invasive respiratory supports (NIRS) has significantly reduced the necessity for endotracheal intubation, on the other hand, NIRS has been linked to nasal damage. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of implement noninvasive respiratory support care bundle on preterm infants' nasal injury and pain response. Method: Design: A quasi experimental research design was utilized (Study-control). Setting: The study was carried out in the level (II) of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at