Phosphorus (P) is the second important key plant nutrient after nitrogen. An adequate supply of P is therefore required for proper functioning and various metabolisms of plants. Majority of P in soils is fixed and hence, plant available P is scarcely available despite the abundance of both inorganic and organic P forms in soils.A group of soil microorganisms capable of transforming insoluble P into soluble and plant accessible forms across different genera, collectively called phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), have been found as best ecofriendly option for providing inexpensive P to plants. These organisms in addition to supplying soluble P to plants also facilitate the growth of plants by several other mechanisms, for instance, improving the uptake of nutrients and stimulating the production of some phytohormones. Two field experiments were conducted at EL-Gemmiza, Agric. Res. Station, (30º ׳74 ״5.22 N, 31° ׳70 ״43 E, elev. 10 m), Agric. Res. Centre., El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive summer seasons of 2017 and 2018, to study the effect of different application sources and rates of phosphorus on the growth, productivity, yield characters and quality of soybean (Glycine max L.), c.v. Giza 111. The treatments consisted of four sources of phosphorus [single super phosphate (SSP), rock phosphate (RP), single super phosphate (SSP) + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and rock phosphate (RP) + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)] at three levels of added P.i.e (0, 15 and 22.5 kg P 2 O 5 fed -1 ).Results revealed that seed and straw yield and uptake of N, P and K increased significantly with both sources of P over control. Application of single superphosphate proved superior increases compared to rock phosphate in respect of yield and uptake of nutrients. There was a significant increase in yield and uptake of nutrients with increase in P application rate from 15 kg P 2 O 5 fed -1 to 22.5 kg P 2 O 5 fed -1 applied either as SSP or RP. Protein content in soybean seed increased significantly with both the sources of P. The application of SSP +PSB (T 9 ) recorded higher yield (grain and straw) and uptake of nutrients than phosphorus alone. The maximum seed (1572 kg/fed) and straw (4473.33 kg/fed) yields were recorded with 22.5 kg P 2 O 5 fed -1 as SSP+PSB. Significant differences among the treatments were noticed with respect to number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, test weight and seed yield. Application of 22.5 kg P 2 O 5 fed -1 with PSB (T 9 ) produced maximum number of pods/plant (150.67), seed yield (74.23 g/plant) and hundred seed weight (18.77 g/plant) as SSP and the lowest was in the control. Regarding evaluation of phosphorus use efficiency had more pronounced effects on combined application of SSP+PSB followed by RP+ PSB. Quality parameters viz., oil content, oil yield and crude protein content differ markedly among different treatments with the application of levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizer.
Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at El-Gemmeiza Research Station (30º ׳74 ״5.22 N, 31° ׳70 ״43 E, elev. 10 m), Agriculture Research Center, El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of integrated fertilization of N-mineral and organic fertilizer combined with bio fertilizer (including the genera Azotobacter and Azospirillium) on sunflower (c.v. Sakha 53) seed yield and quality. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The experimental treatments comprised partial substitution of the recommended mineral N (MNRec.) rate (30kgN/fed.) with organic N fertilizer (ONF) as compost combined with bio fertilizer. Results revealed that application of T 4 (50%MNRec. +25% ONF +Bio) significantly improved yield, as well as yield attributes and protein and oil yields as compared to 100%ONF(T 8 ) or 100%MN(T 1 ) only .The integrated MN with ONF(25-50%ONF)always gave higher values than those obtained with full N rate as mineral or organic only. However, maximum seed oil percentage was recorded, when crop was fertilized by T 6 (100%ONF+Bio) followed by T 5 (25%MNRec. +75% ONF) while maximum seed oil yield was recorded by T 2 (50% MN Rec. +50% ONF) followed by T 4 (50%MN Rec. +25% ONF +Bio). According to the results of this experiment, unsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic and oleic acids raised in response to the integrated fertilization system while the saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic acid) were reduced. High percentages of oleic acids (50.17%) and linoleic acid (45.29%) were observed in T 4 and T 9 . So, bio-organic fertilizer could be considered as a suitable substitute (25-50%) for mineral nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural systems.
At Agricultural Research Station Farm, Giza Governorate, Egypt, two field experiments were carried out during two successive winter seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to study the effect of nitrogen (0, 90, 120 and 150 kg fed -1 .), potassium (0, 72 and 96 kg K 2 O fed -1 ) fertilizer rates and foliar application of boron in sthe form of H 3 BO 3 (0 and 100 ppm) as well as their interactions on potato yield and its quality (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Spunta cultivar. A split-split-plot system in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates was used in this respect. The obtained results indicated that significant increase in no. of tubers/plant, average tuber weight (g) and tuber yield was observed with 150 kg N fed -1 over control. Increase in tuber yield with 96 kg K 2 O fed -1 was statistically significant compared to other treatments. The quality parameters like dry matter, specific gravity, total carbohydrate, reducing sugar and starch contents were improved with both nitrogen and K application. Spraying potato plants with boron at a rate of 100 ppm significantly increased yield and its components as well as quality of tubers. Interaction treatments among different rates of nitrogen, potassium fertilization and boron foliar application were significant on potato yield and quality. In general, the best interaction treatment among different rates of nitrogen, potassium fertilization and foliar application of boron was fertilization with 150 kg N fed -1 in the form of ammonium sulphate, 96 kg K 2 O fed -1 in the form potassium sulphate and foliar application of boron to improve both yield and quality of potato crop as compared with other treatments.
Two field experiments were conducted to study the effect of bio and organic fertilizer as a partial alternative to mineral-nitrogen fertilizer, on growth, yield and quality of maize plants (c.v. tri-hybrid 324). The study was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at El-Gemmeiza Research Station(30º ׳74 ״5.22 N-31° ׳70 ״43 E, elev. 10 m), Agricultural Research Center, El-Gharbia Governorate,Egypt. Significant positive influences of 50% of the recommended N rate (120kg N/fed.) +25%of the recommended N rate as organic N +Bio treatment were observed on growth traits after75 days from planting, leaf contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and yield quality when compared to the other combined treatments. The same treatment, gave the highest grain yield (4450 Kg/fed) which was 9.88 % higher than the (100% mineral N) control (0404Kg/fed) and 51.4% more than the lowest yield of 50% M.N.F. (2940 Kg/fed). Also, results indicated that the treatments comprising 50or 75% mineral N + 4.2 or 2.1 ton/fed. organic N +Bio and/or humic acid significantly increased plant height, weight of 100 grain , grains, straw and biological yields than control. All quality parameters i.e. protein, oil %, total carbohydrate and starch contents under 50% mineral N + 4.2 ton/fed. organic N +Bio and/or humic acid treatments recorded the highest and significant values comparing to the control. Hence, it can be concluded that organic and biofertilizers could be used to minimizing the amount of mineral N fertilizer fot different crops avoiding soil or water pollution.
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