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Bovine serum albumin conjugate of 1-methyl-3-(3'-carboxypropyl)xanthine elicits highly specific anti-theophylline antibodies when injected into sheep. When used in a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for theophylline these antibodies show insignificant cross-reactivity (less than 1%) to 1-methyl- and 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 3-methylxanthine, caffeine, and theobromine. In contrast, immunogens prepared from the C-8 functionalized drug afford antibodies which show more serious cross-reactivity to these compounds. Plausible rationale for attachment of the drug to carrier proteins through its N-3 position which furnished specific antibodies are given.

We describe a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for measurement of cannabinoid metabolites, as well as delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (I) in urine. Malate dehydrogenase from pig heart mitochondria was labeled with a derivative of I. The compound used to calibrate the assay was the I metabolite, 11-nor-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (II). With 15 microgram of II per liter of urine as the cutoff concentration, the assay can detect 25 microgram of II per liter with greater than 95% confidence. A positive response was obtained for urine specimens assayed within 30 min after exposure to cannabinoids. However, the persistence of metabolites of I in urine indicates that assay of this fluid is useful as an indicator of cannabinoid use but not as an indicator of intoxication.

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