Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with intellectual disabilities may be associated with many factors. This study focused on patients with ASD with intellectual disabilities, defined by a threshold intelligence quotient (IQ) or development quotient (DQ) of 70. We also discuss comorbidities and other factors related to ASD. Method We extracted case records of patients born between April 1995 and March 2001 who lived in Yonago City, as of January 2011, and had visited the two specialist institutions for consultation regarding developmental issues. The list was further narrowed down to patients identified, as having ASD by pediatric neurologists based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5). We selected patients with < IQ/DQ 70 using the most recent intelligence/ development test to determine comorbidities and other factors related to ASD. Results The data of 81 patients (59 males and 22 females) were extracted, corresponding to an incidence of 76.2 patients out of every 10,000 births. The male-tofemale ratio was 2.7:1. Comorbidities and related factors of ASD were observed in 25 cases (30.9%). Eleven cases had perinatal abnormalities. Other abnormalities were observed in 17 cases, including epilepsies in 7, chromosomal abnormalities in 4, familial mental retardation in 1, and acquired brain injury in 1. Conclusion It is important to treat and support individuals with ASD and intellectual disabilities taking into account the characteristics and prognosis of the comorbidities and related factors.
Objective: We examined the content validity of the essential assessment items for service user recognized by visiting nurses. Methods: Anonymous self-reported questionnaire were sent by mail two times to nurses experts. The questionnaire comprised assessment items related to five major categories, and fist survey asked by 82 items, second survey asked by 83 items with 4-point scale. We analyzed the data using weighed average. Results: The final assessment items were 83. Conclusion: In the visiting nursing practice field, we think of easier ways to common view of assessment records all over the country and improvement of quality of visiting nursing practice by utilizing of assessment items of this study with considering of degree of priority.
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