Reduction in klotho gene expression causes accelerated senescence in klotho mutant mice. We have now found two key substances, phosphorus and zinc, which affect the appearance of klotho phenotypes. Klotho mutant homozygotes fed nonpurified diet with a phosphorus concentration of 1.03 g/100 g showed typical klotho phenotypes. However, most of the klotho phenotypes no longer appeared in male homozygotes fed a 0.4 g/100 g phosphorus diet. These homozygotes were capable of spermatogenesis. In the kidneys of the rescued male homozygotes, klotho protein expression was clearly detected. On the other hand, female klotho mice required supplementation of 0.25 g/100 g zinc orotate to the 0.4 g/100 g phosphorus diet to be rescued. Unlike in the rescued male mice, klotho protein levels in the kidneys of the rescued females were quite low. Wild-type (C3H/He) mice fed 1.5 or 1.0 g/100 g phosphorus diets had lower klotho protein expression in the kidneys than those fed a 0.4 g/100 g phosphorus diet (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary phosphorus and zinc modulate the phenotypes of klotho mice, and that klotho expression in the kidneys is regulated not only in klotho mutant mice, but also in wild-type mice.

No abstract

This paper specifies the configuration of a harvester for absorbing energy from ambient oscillation with broadband frequencies. Two major methodologies for broadband harvesting have been developed, one is the use of a nonlinear oscillator, and the other is the use of multiple resonators. We focus on the traditional way of assembling multiple resonators but suggest some nontrivial improvements in the configuration. In order to make a variety of resonant frequencies, resonators can be connected in series, in the form of a tree-like structure. The energy absorption of the tree configuration harvester under broadband frequency excitation is tested, and additionally the placement of multiple resonators is also considered. The numerical results indicate that our proposal of the tree configuration might be useful under broadband frequency excitation.

No abstract