This investigation was carried out through 2013 and 2014 seasons on three olive cultivars (Picual, Manzanillo and Koroneiki) and their adaptability to different types of soil (Sandy, Calcareous, and Silt-Loam) under Wady El-Natroon conditions, El-Behaira Governorate, Egypt. Trees were fifteen years old, planted at 6 x 6 meters apart under drip irrigation system in a private orchard. The aim of the present study was to test the influence of various types of soil on the vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting, yield, physical characteristics of fruits, stones, fruit moisture content (%) and oil content (%) on the studied olive cultivars (Picual, Manzanillo and Koroneiki) to determine the most adapted cultivars for these soil types . The results were, vegetative growth parameters varied according to type of soil and olive cultivars under study, whereas Picual olive trees cultivated in sandy soil recorded the highest values of tree height and trunk cross section, while other vegetative growth parameters [shoot length (cm), No. of internodes/ m, No. of leaves/m and leaf area (cm 2 )] gave the best values with sandy soil and other cultivars. On the other hand, Koroneiki olive trees cultivated in sandy soil produced the highest fruit set (%), the heaviest yield/tree (in both seasons of the study), the longest inflorescence (in the second season) and the best perfect flowers percentage (when cultivated in sandy and calcareous soil). As for fruit and stone physical characteristics, was no clear trend has been shown the effect of soil types (especially for stone characteristics), whereas it's effect was less than the factor of cultivars. It is worth mention and in contrary with all the previous results, all cultivars produced their best percentage of oil content when cultivated in silt-loam soil compared with the other studied types of soil and Koroneiki cultivar was the best in oil content percentage. Under the same conditions of the present study, it could be concluded that, sandy soil was the best soil type for the studied olive cultivars (Picual, Manzanillo and Koroneiki) followed by calcareous soil. But, regarding to the oil percentage, we can take advantage of the cultivation of olive oil cultivars in silt-loam soil.
This study was conducted at the experimental nursery of the Horticulture Research Institute at Giza, Egypt to study the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth regulators on rooting of jujube cuttings during 2008 and 2009 seasons. Sub-terminal cuttings were taken on mid April from mature 15-years old trees of jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill) Li variety (difficult to root). Rooting treatments included inoculation with Bacillus polymyx, Bacillus circulance, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pasteruii, Pseudomans florescence or mixed inoculants from previous PGPR strains or yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae). In addition, Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) were also tested at concentration of 1000 and 2000 ppm as compared with untreated (control). Data showed that the effect of Bacillus megaterium as PGPR resulted in the highest significant rooting percentage (60% and 50%). After eight months of transplanting, bacterial strain (Bacillus megaterium) followed by Pseudomans strain surpassed the other treatments in survival percentage, average number of roots/transplant, stem and root length, number of leaves, number of branches/transplant as well as leaves, stem and root fresh and dry weight (g). On the contrary, the lowest significant effect of treatments was found as a result of NAA at 1000 ppm and control during the two seasons of study. Histological studies revealed that, the callus originated from the cambial and phloem parenchyma cells below the cork cells, from these protrusions the adventitious roots were developed. The new roots established their connections with the vascular tissue of the cutting treated with Bacillus megaterium. Generally, it can be concluded that inoculation jujube (Li variety) sub-terminal cuttings with Bacillus megaterium or Pseudomans florescence can promote root formation as well as increase survival percentage and enhance vegetative growth of the produced transplants.
The present experiment was conducted during 2013 and 2014 seasons, where two pomegranate cvs. Wardy and Manfalouty were subjected to single and combined applications of ZnSO 4 (0.3%) as foliar application, soil application of (CaSO 4 ) at 500 g/tree and a mixture of micro elements (zinc, manganese, iron, cupper, boron, magnesium, sulfur and molybdenum) at 2 g/l were added three times ( first of may, June and July). The selected pomegranate trees aged 9 year old grown in a sand-clay soil under flood irrigation system and spaced 6 x 5 meters apart in the experimental orchard of Horticulture Research Station, Shandaweel, Souhag Governorate, Egypt. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of these nutrients on reducing fruit cracking and improving yield and fruit quality of pomegranate grown under Souhag Governorate conditions. Number of fruits/tree, marketable yield, fruit cracking % and most characteristics of the fruits (physical and chemical) were higher in cv. Manfalouty relative to Wardy. As a conclusion, subjecting Wardy and Manfalouty pomegranate cvs. to combined applications of ZnSO 4 (0.3%) as foliar application, soil application of (CaSO 4 ) at 500 g/tree and a mixture of micro elements as 2 g/l are very effective in controlling fruit cracking, improving yield and fruit physical and chemical quality grown under Souhag environmental conditions.
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