Background: Among medical students, high levels of stress and emotional exhaustion have been associated with sleep problems. Recent researches have indicated a significant relationship between sleep patterns with academic and performance academic stressors contributed significantly to stress and sleep disorders in medical students. Objectives: This study aims to assess the sleep pattern and the prevalence of sleep disorder among sample of healthy medical students in Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia. Methods and subjects: About 213 out of 400 students from the Medical Colleges, Hail University, KSA starting from 2 nd year to 6 th year are responding to the questionnaire 156 (73.2% females) and 57 (26.8% males). The questionnaire consists of 34 closed questions, arranged in 6 subscales. It includes six questions about the demographic characteristics; four questions about lifestyle, six questions about sleep/awake habits characteristics, four questions about insomnia-related symptoms, six questions about symptoms of parasomnia, six questions about cognitive and psychomotor behaviors, and lastly, two questions about self perception of sleep satisfaction and use of sleeping pills. Results: Sleep pattern of medical students showed a significant difference among the students in the 3 rd year (68.1%) and other students in 2 nd year & clinical years in going bed more than 24 o'clock. Another significant difference was found between students in the 2 nd year (78%) and other students in getting up in the morning < 7 o'clock, but students in clinical years (54.3%) showed high significant difference compared other students in getting up in the morning > 7 o'clock. Clinical years (45.6%) students took daytime naps from 60-120 minutes which is more significant difference from other students. Also, there was no significant differences between gender and parameters of insomnia except in the time taken to fall asleep each night, female students showed high percent compared to male students (5-10 min) and (26-40 min) While, high percent of male students fall in sleep more than female (11-25 min). About 12.0% of 2 nd year students waked up 5-7 times in middle of nights more than other students as insomnia ISSN: 2320-5407Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(4), 1116-1127 1117 parameter. Male students never or rarely had bad dreams or speaking during sleep compared to female students as parasomnia parameter. Students in clinical years (91.4%) didn't show walking during sleep compared to other students. There was a significant difference between students took sleeping pills (78.9%) and difficulty in initiating sleep compared to (46.4%) who did not take sleeping pills. About 77.8% of students having perfect sleep satisfaction and had no difficulty to initiate sleep. Also, these students fell asleep directly after 5-10 minutes with perfect sleep satisfaction. Recommendation: Further researches are needed to study the effect of using phones on sleep hygiene and the correlation between the type of medical curriculum and the sleep pattern of medical st...
Background: Vitamin D deficiency which known as hypovitaminosis D is more serious problem. It is currently estimated that one billion people suffer from vitamin D deficiency worldwide. Vitamin D in nowadays one of the most important topics in research and clinics and the cause of vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabian female student could be related to many reasons. Objectives: the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of Saudi female students about vitamin D deficiency. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design to assess the knowledge and practice of Saudi female about vitamin D deficiency. The number of responders from secondary school is 340 and from university students are 467, total of 807 female students. The questionnaire used consists of 17 closed questions, arranged in 4 subscales. It includes two questions about the demographic characteristics; six questions about knowledge about vitamin D deficiency or increment, source of knowledge, four questions for knowledge about food rich in vitamin D, the relationship between vitamin D and calcium in the body, vitamin D deficiency causing tiredness, low mood and muscle and bone pain and the last five questions about suffering from diseases in the bones, expose of face, arms and legs to the sun, and finally if the females pregnant or lactating mothers and have vitamin D deficiency. Results: For secondary school students, showed that most of participants (72.1%) have good knowledge about vitamin D deficiency compared to university students (78.6%). The source of knowledge about vitamin D deficiency varied, most from social media (19.4% Vs 4242%), most of participants don"t know the true level of blood vitamin D (60% Vs 52.9%) for secondary school and University students respectively. About 67.6% vs 35.8% % know the dangerous of vitamin D deficiency and 18.8 % Vs 40.9% know the dangerous of vitamin D increment, and 38.5% Vs 25.1% receive vitamin D without prescription for secondary school and University students respectively. About 69.7% Vs 77.9% not suffered from bone diseases, while (12.9% Vs 9.4% suffered from arthiritis), (7.9% Vs 5.8% suffered from osteomalacia) and (9.4% Vs 6.9% suffered from osteoporosis) and
Background: The misuse of antibiotics is a major public health problem. This misuse results in another major problem which is bacterial resistance to many known antibiotics. This problem rather than being global, it is also a great concern in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate public awareness of the misuse of antibiotics in Hail region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study using online survey in Hail region and was distributed to the residents of the city. We started collecting data on November 15 th , 2018 for one week. Out of the city residents 204 people participated in the survey. The questionnaire was randomly distributed and involved socioeconomic characteristics and Questions aimed to measure knowledge about the antibiotic side effects, resistance and its effect on the immunity. Results: Most participants were female (70.1% females and 29.9% males). The level of education varied from university (75.9%), from secondary school (20.6%). The participants were asked if they ever administered antibiotics without prescription, 43.6% said sometimes, 22.06% (never), 19.6% (rarely) and 14.7% said always. Also, 49.5% of participants did not complete the course of antibiotics, while 24.5% always did not complete the course, but never for 8.8% and 17.2% said rarely. Concerning the knowledge of participants about the cause of antibiotic resistance and weak response of the antibiotics, the answers varied, 40.2% said due to uncomplete the antibiotic course, while 29.9% did not know, 23.5% said taking antibiotics without need. Conclusion: The majority of illness people in Hail are seeking selfmedication with antibiotics could be probably of viral origin and unnecessary use of antibiotics promote the emergence of new-strains of resistant pathogens and the incidence of unwanted adverse effects. Recommendations: Health authorities advised to take serious steps to put an approved law for no antibiotics without prescription. In addition, health awareness campaigns advised to prevent antibiotic misuse. Also, the pharmacists could play an important role in educating patients about antibiotic use in the society.
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