Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review different microfinance products and services that can be offered to reduce the financial vulnerabilities of communities at risk. Following a detail literature review, the effectiveness of different forms of microfinance services in creating resilience in the affected communities was analysed and whether they can be applied to mitigate the risk of future disasters was assessed. In addition, the study was conducted to assess whether microcredit can help reduce direct risk exposure of the poor through income smoothing. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a review of existing theories. Findings The notion that most vulnerable communities are financially weak is evident from studies. This study finds that microcredit can help reduce direct risk exposure of poor through income smoothing, while saving can help them recover from the losses of disasters. Our review also suggests that there is no specific model of microfinance services which can have a holistic impact on the financial capacity-building, particularly during the rehabilitation process. Research limitations/implications There are different categories of microfinance products with distinct characteristics and associated benefits to the communities. Some of the major microfinance products as identified in this study are, saving products, credit products and insurance products. These products have multidimensional benefits, as there are many approaches adopted by microfinance institutions (MFIs) and clients regarding the use of these products. However this study focuses on the use of these products towards resilience development in the community. Other applications of these products still need to be explored. Practical implications There is a need for a comprehensive financial tool that can be effectively applied to expedite the process of rehabilitation and reduce the financial impact of disasters on the community, particularly the poor. Major issues in the context of disasters faced by MFIs to design their products in the affected areas are also highlighted in the study. Social implications The study throws lights on different microfinancial tools such as microloans, microcredits and cash for work, etc. offered by banks and other organizations and highlights their role in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of those affected by disasters in different parts of the world. Originality/value This paper contributes to the discourse of microfinance and its social applications in developing countries. It provides original role of microfinance as a tool for creating community resilience to the impacts of disasters.

Strategic orientations like Market orientation (MO) and Learning orientation (LO) play critical role in improving the performance of both large and small scale businesses. This paper investigate the relationship between LO and organizational performance with MO as moderator. The current study reports the findings of two hundred and seven owners or managers of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. The findings of the study indicate a positive relationship between LO and organizational performance. Mo was found to have moderated the direct relationship between LO and organizational performance. This study is among the few attempts made to systematically examine the interplay among MO, LO and organizational performance in SMEs operating in Pakistan.

No abstract

No abstract

Background Burnout is a work-related physical and/or emotional exhaustion among individuals working in the human service sector. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout among interns training in different hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and its relation to engaging in unethical behaviors. Results The study found a high burnout level in 135 (50%) of the interns with minimal overall engagement in unethical behaviors (5.9%). However, patient-related burnout was the only factor found with a highly significant association to engagement in unethical behaviors (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrated a high prevalence of burnout among interns with a significant association between patient-related burnout and the engagement in unethical behaviors. That was a worrying sign that needs further evaluation in future research, including the other risk factors, to prevent/improve burnout and to limit the unprofessional behaviors.

The prime objective of the research is to study the mediating role of organizational commitment (OC) between the relationship of occupational stress and turnover intention (TI) among university teaching staff in Malakand Division, Pakistan. Data were collected from 186 faculty members working in government universities of Malakand division which was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The results showed a significant positive relationship of psychological and physiological stress with TIs and negative with OC. Furthermore, OC mediated the relationship between psychological and physiological stress and TI.

In 21st century, human resource is major and most valuable asset of organization. Human resource is one of the major tool for organization that will help to achieve competitive advantage in the age of competition. Without a good human resource, companies cannot establish a good team of professional for their jobs. Great human asset should have such qualities as high satisfaction with their employments, high responsibility towards the organization, high inspiration to serve general society and solid aims to work for the association eagerly and dependably. Organization can upgrade inside capacities to manage present or future difficulties to be looked by an organization through great Human Resource practices. Human Resource Practices is a hierarchical capacity assume a critical part in overseeing workforce through it proactive approach in lessening disparities and also to draw in, create, hold and propel workforces. In that capacity, when organization energizes value and decency, their representatives is anticipated to wind up more dedicated in their activity & job. In the field of HRM, employee turnover is a major problem. Employee turnover is a cause for concern when the best and efficient employees intend to switch towards another organization, and there may be something that organization could do to retain those employees. Most of the Telecom sector in Pakistan faces a serious problem of high employee turnover. Now employees are considered as a main source to achievement of competitive advantage and organizations should give more focus in order to compete in the market with competitors. Organizations higher performance will depend on their incomparable employees; employees would not only adequately perform their required job but exert efforts that are beyond necessities. Employee turnover expectation is the huge reason that gives guidance to hold the specific conduct. This investigation is investigating the effect of HR practices on representative turnover and OCB in Telecom part of Pakistan that is Warid and Mobilink. This exploration will add to the group of writing relating HR practices and effect of HR practices on representative turnover and OCB, in hypothetical casing work will depict the measurements of HR practices for estimation worker turnover aims and OCB. The examination will clarify of how HR rehearses influences worker maintenance and OCB in telecom associations of Pakistan. The investigation will inspect through experimental discoveries in which including descriptive examinations, and regression for finding the effect of HR hones on representative turnover and OCB. Data will be collected using standardized questionnaire administered. Data collected from the sample size of one hundred and fifty people. In this study one hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed only eighty was returned included in sample size in which forty employees and forty supervisors are included from both the company.