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Graphite is the dominant choice as negative electrode since the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries, which could bring about a significant increase in demand for the material owing to its usage in forthcoming graphite-based energy storage devices.

4357Reviews Scheme1.Classificationo fS Cs based on the charge-storage mechanism and type of active materials used in bothelectrodes. CDC = carbide-derived carbon, CNT = carbon nanotube.

Solvated-ion intercalation or co-intercalation reactions make graphite a versatile anode for Na-ion chemistry and beyond. This alternate intercalation mechanism could overcome the difficulties faced by conventional intercalation reactions with graphite. The proper choice of the solvent molecule could co-intercalate Na-, Li-, and K-ions with high capacity and power density values, which are tailor-made for metal-ion capacitor (MIC, M = Li, Na, and K) applications. This review summarizes significant advances in co-intercalation chemistry, research progress in MICs with a graphite anode, and activated carbon cathodes in glyme family solutions. Also, we compare the advantages and challenges of MICs with the co-intercalation-based mechanism in place of conventional graphite anodes with bare-ion intercalation. The progress indicates high-performance hybrid-ion capacitors with high power capability and fast reaction kinetics. At the same time, it is essential to find methods to improve the energy-storage capability of such MICs to realize their commercial reality.

The fascinating properties of graphene continue to offer new dimensions in scientific research, extending its exploration in a wide range of real‐world applications. At the same time, serious bottlenecks like low quality, high cost, negative reaction conditions, agglomeration of nanosheets, and limited mass production for graphene must be resolved in favor of industrialization. Consequently, utilization of large amounts of waste graphite from spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) offers a great opportunity to produce graphene and its derivatives to partake in waste management and circular economy. This work sketches the progress in the different recycling techniques for the graphite anode from spent LIBs and their reuse in different applications. We believe our perspective can facilitate researchers/industries in the better reuse of graphite as valuable sources for the preparation of graphene in a high production capacity by breaking down the existing obstacles in the recycling process as well as helping to handle the upcoming massive volume of spent LIBs.

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The abundance of sodium and absence of costly transition metals in the electrodes are the significant strongholds of dual carbon sodium-ion capacitors (DC-NICs), due to which they are cheaper and...

High‐performance Na‐ion capacitor (NIC) was constructed with graphite recovered from spent Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) as battery‐type negative electrode and high‐surface‐area activated carbon as a supercapacitor component. Unlike Li‐insertion into graphite, Na‐insertion into graphite is extremely limited; hence, a “solvent‐co‐intercalation” mechanism was proposed for high reversibility using ether family solvents. First, the Na‐insertion properties were assessed in the half‐cell assembly with 0.5 m NaPF6 in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether as an electrolyte solution and compared with the commercial graphite. The NIC comprised pre‐sodiated graphite as a negative electrode and commercial activated carbon as a cathode. This fascinating NIC configuration displayed the maximum energy density of 59.93 Wh kg−1 with exceptional cyclability of 5000 cycles at ambient temperature with approximately 98 % retention. Interestingly, the electrode aging process in the presence of electrolyte resulted in approximately 19 % higher energy density than the routine electrode heat treatment. Further, the electrochemical activity of the NIC at various temperatures was studied, and it was found that the graphite recovered from spent LIBs could be effectively reused towards the construction of high‐performance charge storage devices with exceptional performance.