The fatty acid composition as well as the volatiles of a lipophilic extract from the marine sponge Fasciospongia cavernosa (Schmidt) was analyzed. The fatty acids (FA) were characterized by linear saturated fatty acids (33.05 %), branched saturated fatty acids (9.30 %) and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (18.07 %). A significant amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (30.79 %) was found in the total lipid, which included linoleic acid (18:2 n-6, 11.14 %), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid/?-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3, 1.99 %), dihomo-?-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6, 2.03 %) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-3, 0.51 %). An antibacterial assay of the lipid extract of F. cavernosa showed broad-spectrum activity against different human and fish pathogens.
Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in the paediatric population particularly in neonates and infants of both the developing and developed countries. Importance of congenital defects is more prominent in infants and delay in recognition may adversely effect survival. Objective: To find the prevalence and pattern of CHD in sick neonates in a tertiary care hospital VSSIMSAR Odisha India catering to economically backward area of our country. Methods: A prospective analysis of case of 8.856 patients (0-1 month) was conducted to ascertain the prevalence and spectrum of CHDs. Results: A total of 232 patients out of 8.856, were found having CHDs measuring a prevalence of 26.2/1000 among sick neonates. About 202 (91.3%) were the acyanotics and 20 (8.6%) were cyanotic heart patients. 4 (1.7%)were complex congenital heart disease Among the acyanotic heart diseases the most frequent lesion seen in 126 (62.7%) followed by ASD alone or in combination was detected in 76 cases (37.6 %) followed by PDA alone or in combination in around 74 cases(36.6%). Combined defects PDA and VSD in 40 cases (20.2 %). Valvular PS was observed in 3% of cases among the cyanotic heart diseases Tetralogy of Fallot was the most frequent cyanotic heart disease seen in 9 cases. Conclusion: Prevalence of congenital heart disease is very high among the sick neonates though figure of 26.2/1000 among the sick neonates could be an over estimation of the actual disease burden in our community because of high prevalence of sick children. The study heightened awareness among the treating physicians about the high prevalence of cardiac diseases in sick neonates and early recognition is essential to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with these ailments.
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widely prevalent lifestyle disease associated with high morbidity and mortality due to dead end complications like acute coronary syndrome, chronic kidney failure and acute stroke. Diabetes mellitus patients frequently develop problems of dyselectrolytemia which is common among hospitalised patients with decompensated diabetes. But there is little information on the prevalence of electrolyte disturbances among diabetes patients. Our aim is to find out the pattern of dyselectrolytemia among type 2 diabetes patients and to know if there is any association of blood glucose level with dyselectrolytemia. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was done among type 2 diabetes patients admitted in the department of medicine. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated haemoglobin level (HbA1c), blood sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) were analysed. Occurrence of dyselectrolytemia was compared between patients of very much controlled versus uncontrolled blood glucose levels. RESULTS Out of 199 patients included in the study, 112 (56 %) had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) with HbA1c level > / = 7.0 %. Occurrence of hyponatremia, hypokalaemia, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia and hypercalcemia were 35 %, 13 %, 7 %, 16 % and 2 % respectively. In diabetes patients, hyponatremia was seen more commonly in patients with uncontrolled DM than those with very much controlled blood glucose (52.67 % versus 12.64 %, p < 0.001). The extent of patients with hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia didn't vary between the two groups. Patients on insulin treatment were more likely to have hyponatremia than noninsulin patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Type 2 DM patients specifically those who have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have an increased chance to develop dyselectrolytemia. The most well-known electrolyte disturbances seen were hyponatremia followed by hypocalcaemia in our study and they were generally predominant among patients with uncontrolled DM. KEYWORDS Type 2 Diabetes, Dyselectrolytemia, Hyperglycaemia, Fasting Blood Glucose, Hyponatremia
Background: India is the diabetes capital of the world with every fifth diabetic in the world is an Indian. Subjects and Methods: We studied Sixty non-alcoholic, non-diabetic, normotensive obese NAFLD subjects with WHR:>0.9 in males and >0.85 for females according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: NAFLD, a chronic condition ranging from benign steatosis, (i.e., hepatic triglyceride accumulation >5.5% using magnetic resonance imaging or >5% corresponding to 50 mg/g by wet weight), to more significant liver injury, i.e.,nonalcoholic steato-hepatitis(NASH).Conclusion: Association of NAFLD with features of insulin resistance and was more prevalent among subjects with IGT. The increased risk for cardio-metabolic diseases in NAFLD might be due to hepatic overproduction of glucose, VLDL, inflammatory factors as a result of insulin resistance.
Background: Congestive heart failure due to underlying primary myocardial disease idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a major cause of heart failure in our country. Mitral regurgitation of varying severity are a common echocardiography features and annular dilation accompanying dilated LV is the presumed mechanism. Aims and Objective: To find the prevalence and pattern of rheumatic valve lesion in patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy in view of high prevalence of chronic rheumatic heart disease in our country. Methods: An Echocardiography study and analysis of 1182 patients diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy in the age group of 20 to 90 yrs was conducted to ascertain the prevalence and spectrum of valvular lesion of rheumatic origin if any. Results: Total no of 1182 cases of DCM patients were included. Female sex dominated the study group 56 % vrs 46 % male patient. Maximum cases were in the age group of 60-70 yrs (56%) followed by 23 % in the age group of 50 to 60 yrs, Around 56 % of Patient diagnosed as DCM had evidence of underlying RHD with Mitral valve thickness with thick subchordal apparatus and/ or aortic valve involement. Mitral valve involvement was found as high as 79% of cases followed by Aortic valve involvement along with mitral valve involvement (21% cases). Conclusion: Prevalence of evidence of chronic rheumatic heart disease in around 56% in dilated cardiomyopathy is surprise finding in the present study and heightened awareness among the treating physicians about the high prevalence of associated rheumatic heart diseases in dilated cardiomyopathy and requires further evaluation to examine if there is causal relationship between the commonly prevalent disease.
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