A granuloma is a collection of epithelioid histiocytes that is often associated with multinucleated giant cells, and is considered widely to be a non-neoplastic lesion, although some lesions demonstrate aggressive behavior similar to that of a neoplasm. The diagnosis of giant cell granulomas (central and peripheral) is confirmed by histopathologic examination. Early detection and excision are important to minimize potential dentoalveolar complications. The following article consists of case reports of central and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), and discussion about the diagnosis and management of such lesions.How to cite this article: Mukherjee CG, Mukherjee U, Bansal A, Mukhopadhyay M. Giant Cell Granuloma: Two Expressions in Pediatric Population. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(1):46-49.
Background: Pancreatic acinar cell injury triggers the synthesis and release of pro-inammatory cytokines and chemokines. The involvement of several pro-inammatory and anti-inammatory cytokines, such as in interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-33 and tumor necrosis factor-α is involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Aim: This study aims to validate the role of activation of TNF-alpha and IL-10 as a biomaker marker in patients with Pancreatitis in Indian subcontinent.Material and methods: 50 Patients of Pancreatitis attending general surgery OPD and admitted to General Surgery department of SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India were taken. Result: It was found that in alcoholic, the mean TNF - α (mean±s.d.) of the patients was 19.4027 ± 8.3275 pg/ml. In ascites, the mean TNF - α (mean±s.d.) of the patients was 19.9767 ± 2804 pg/ml. In chronic, the mean TNF - α (mean±s.d.) of the patients was 18.8533 ± 8.4674 pg/ml. In gall stone, the mean TNF - α (mean±s.d.) of the patients was 16.3421 ± 9.9499 pg/ml. In osteoarthritis, the mean TNF - α (mean±s.d.) of the patients was 12.4750 ± 8.3085 pg/ml. Distribution of mean TNF - α vs. association was not statistically signicant (p=0.7309).Conclusion: It was found that IL10 was higher in Ascites patients though it was not statistically signicant. TNF alpha was higher in Ascites patients. TNF alpha was higher in normal Pancreatitis.
The precise origin of cervical vertebral anomalies is still unstated, but it has been suggested that the association between abnormal development of cervical vertebrae and the maxilla and the mandible might be caused by a developmental fault of the mesenchyme as these structures might be dependent on the similar para-axial mesoderm. Hence it is appropriate to focus on this area of research and to consider the craniofacial morphology as an important diagnostic tool in Orthodontic treatment planning. The present study was planned to evaluate the association of Cleft lip and Cleft palate with cervical vertebral anomalies. The present study was planned in Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. Thirty cases of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate (CLCP) patients were enrolled in the present study. The age of the patients ranged from 5 years to 15 years. The cleft sample were subdivided into patients with CP only, and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Radiographs were examined on a film viewer by a single examiner. The profile of first four cervical vertebrae and Atlanto Occipital Articulation were structurally traced on an acetate paper with 3H lead pencil under optimum illumination and Cervical Vertebral Anomalies (CVA) were registered and categorized into Posterior Arch Deficiencies - PAD (dehiscence and spina bifid) and fusion. The present study concludes the association between cleft lip and palate and Cervical Vertebral Anomalies indicating that CVA may be implicated as the etiology of cleft lip and palate. The present study showed a specific relation between the Cleft Palate and cervical anomalies and the vertebral anomalies following a specific pattern in different types of cleft was found to be PAD which occurred more frequently in UCLP and CP only and fusion occurring significantly more often in BCLP. Keywords: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate; Cervical Vertebral Anomalies; Dehiscence; Fusion; Lateral Cephalograph
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