Background: Dengue an arbovirus infection, has significantly increased in past decade causing increased mortality & morbidity in temperate countries including India. Earlier diagnosis helps in prompt treatment resulting in decrease in mortality & prevention of complications. In present study we have evaluated laboratory parameters for diagnosis along with different demographic profile for prevention of disease. Methods:All clinically suspected patients tested for NS1Ag & IgM by ELISA along with platelet count & Peripheral blood smear. Individual results were used in comparative analysis according to demographic (gender, age) and laboratory (platelet counts, NS1 Ag & IgM) profiles Result: Total serologically confirmed cases were 583( 21.12%) . Lower platelet counts was the most important factors in predicting dengue infection. Furthermore, all demographic and laboratory profiles presented a conservative temporal pattern throughout this long-lasting outbreak. Conclusion:As consistency throughout the epidemic facilitated defining the conservation pattern throughout the early stages, this was useful for improving management during the remaining period. Also NS1 Ag is early & reliable test.
Background: Seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibody production in a person can be dependent on many physiological and demographic aspects such as previous infection, age, sex, body mass index, and also status of vaccination. It is of immense value to know about demographic aspect of COVID-19 antibody production so as to know about vulnerable population and suggest preventive measures. Aims and Objectives: The present study was aimed to determine effect of demographic variables COVID-19 antibody production in population of urban area. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 2454 subjects were screened for COVID-19 neutralizing antibody by ELISA technique. Subjects more than 18-year-old were selected for the study. We used cluster sampling method for data collection. A pre-structured questionnaire was administered after informed consent and 5 mL venous blood was collected in plain bulb for testing. Results: The prevalence of neutralizing antibody was found to be 93.9%. Female had 95% positive antibodies against males (92.34%). Maximum positive antibody status was seen in age group of 20–40 (55.6%). About 77.9% subjects following mixed diet were having positive COVID-19 antibody test as compared to subjects following pure vegetarian (10.2%). About 83.2% subjects who received vaccine showed positive antibody test. The lowest positivity is seen in underweight subjects (8%) followed by obese subjects (12.7%). Maximum inhibition % was seen in subjects using Vitamin C Zinc tablets (92.1%). The lowest inhibition was seen in subjects using Unani Kadha. A one-way ANOVA revealed that there was not a statistically significant difference in prophylactic measures for prevention of COVID-19 infection other than vaccination and COVID-19 neutralizing antibody inhibition %. ([F-1.363], P=0.244). Conclusion: COVID-19 neutralizing antibody prevalence was found to be much higher in the population (96%), which was mostly associated with younger age, gender, diet, and vaccination status of the population. Extensive studies are required to establish any association between prophylactic methods other than vaccination and COVID-19 antibody response.
Buchanania lanzan Spreng belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. The primary focus of this study was to examine phytochemical, proximate, antioxidant property and GCMS evaluation of unripe and ripen fruit of B. lanzan Spreng. The phytochemical studies showed that alkaloids, phenols, flavones, saponins, coumarins, glycosides and tannins are present in both ripen and unripe fruits. The proximate evaluation confirmed that crude fat (14.5%) and protein (6.37±0.69 g/100g) is high in ripen fruit. In unripe fruit (11.3%) crude fat and protein (4.11%) is less percent. The carotenoid (5.58 ± 0.5 mg/100g) and catalase (0.226±0.074 mg/100g) activity is higher in unripe fruit. The total polyphenol (6.4±0.8 mg/100g) and peroxidase (0.362±0.017 mg/100g) content show greater activity in ripen fruit. In DPPH and FRAP highest activity showed in methanol extract of ripen and unripe fruit than the other solvent. GC-MS evaluation showed many bioactive compounds present in unripe and ripen fruit. It is concluded that nutritional and bioactive ability is high in ripen and unripe fruits of B. lanzan. The fruits of B.lanzan are a good source of nutrition and medicinally important.
BACKGROUNDMother-to-child transmission of HIV is a major cause of HIV in children. Detection of virus by DNA PCR is of utmost importance in <6 months of age as antibody detection is not helpful. Dried blood spot (DBS) method is a cheap, less invasive, easy and feasible method as compared to whole blood collection. Followup of babies up to 18 months is needed before declaring them negative. The study was undertaken to know the HIV transmission rates in babies up to 18 months.
Background: A cross-sectional study was carried out in urban area. The primary outcome of the study was the proportion of breakthrough infection in vaccinated subjects, which was defined as any COVID-19 infection occurring ≥30 days after receiving both the doses of either of the vaccine(s). Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine prevalence of COVID-19 breakthrough infection among COVID 19 vaccinated patients, (1) to study demographic factors affecting breakthrough infection and (2) to compare the proportion of breakthrough infection among Covishield and Covaxin recipients. Materials and Methods: The subjects were selected by systematic random sample method from available vaccination record. A questionnaire was administered in local language containing demographic information and COVID-related information. Nasopharyngeal swab was taken by trained Interns with all necessary precautions, RT-PCR swab was labeled and sent to PCR laboratory in cold chain for testing. Results: A total 445 subjects were tested for COVID-19. Subjects included 290 (65.2%) males and 155 (34.8%) females. Maximum cases were from age group of 21–30 year (23.4%). The mean age was found to be 43 year. About 8.85% subjects test result came positive despite taking two doses of either COVID vaccine. Breakthrough infection was more among males than females. Covaxin recipient subjects showed marginally higher percentage of breakthrough infection (9.1%) than Covishield. Out of the 39 breakthrough infections, 16 subjects were having comorbidities. Maximum breakthrough infection was seen in subjects having diabetes mellitus and hypertension both and hypertension alone (1.6%). Conclusion: A prevalence of 8.8% of COVID-19 breakthrough infection was reported in our study among fully vaccinated subjects after 30 days of last vaccine dose. Males are at higher risk of getting infection. People with comorbidities are at higher risk of breakthrough infection and hospitalization.
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