Semantic web researchers tend to assume that XML Schema and OWL-S are the correct means for representing the types, structure, and semantics of XML data used for documents and interchange between programs and services. These technologies separate information representation from implementation. The separation may seem like a benefit, because it is platform-agnostic. The problem is that the separation interferes with writing correct programs for practical document engineering, because it violates a primary principle of object-oriented programming: integration of data structures and algorithms. We develop an XML binding framework that connects Java object declarations with serialized XML representation. A basis of the framework is a metalanguage, embedded in Java object and field declarations, designed to be particularly concise, to facilitate the authoring and maintenance of programs that generate and manipulate XML documents. The framework serves as the foundation for a layered software architecture that includes meta-metadata descriptions for multimedia information extraction, modeling, and visualization; Lightweight Semantic Distributed Computing Services; interaction logging services; and a user studies framework.
In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of Teaching Table -an interactive tabletop audio-visual device aimed at enhancing the learning experience for prekindergarten children by involving them in physical activities. Using electromagnetic sensing technology, the table can track tagged objects placed on its surface, accurately identifying their type and location while providing a coincident visual display and audio feedback. Teaching activities that are aimed at developing early math skills have been created for the table in alignment with standard curriculum guidelines for pre-K schools. Additionally, we include software based assessment tools for mentors/teachers to easily track an individual child's progress during the process of interacting with the table.
No abstract
Metadocuments are documents that consist primarily of references to other documents, and elements within them. Our active browsing web visualization tool generates an evolving series of navigable metadocument snapshots over time. The granularity of browsing is shifted, from documents to the finer grained information elements, which are metadocument constituents. The program conducts expression-directed automatic retrieval of information from the web. It performs procedural visual composition of the information elements to form spatial hypertext. The user can express interest and design intentions through direct manipulation interactions with the visualized information elements. As prior versions of the tool lacked the capabilities of save and load, they were entirely process-oriented. The metadocuments existed only as transient states. This paper is an early report on our new metadocument authoring and publishing capability, and its potential uses. Saved metadocuments can be published on the web. Once published, they can serve both as static navigable metadocuments, and as the jumping off point from which the information space represented by the collected elements can continue to evolve. COLLECTING INFORMATION ELEMENTS INTO METADOCUMENTSUsers of hypertext often need to collect references to significant places that they encounter while browsing. These collections are metadocuments. They are documents that consist primarily of references to other documents, and elements within them [2]. They consist both of references by name, such as image elements and hyperlinks, and by value, in the form of textual quotations. We call the image references and quotations information elements. For each information element, in addition to any embedded hyperlinks, there is always an implicit reference back to the original document, which we call its container. Schraefel articulates the importance to metadocument authors of the connection between an information element and its container [7]; when we collect information elements from the web, we want to be able to easily return to the sources of the quotations. Each information element can be thought of as an enhanced bookmark. EXPRESSION-DIRECTED GENERATIVE BROWSINGOur program [3] generates collections of information elements automatically, over time. The process begins with the specification of seed URLs. These may refer to static or dynamic web pages, including search engine queries. The seed content is decomposed into information elements.The program builds a model of the structure of the information, and of the user's interests [5]. The graph structure of the web is represented, along with a term-based textual index of information elements and document references. Each node includes attributes that record the user's expressions of interest.The program automatically, periodically engages in several dynamic operations, based on the model. It chooses information elements to display, document references to crawl to and download, and regions of the screen for the placement of successi...
We continue to develop a generative hypermedia system that uses composition for browsing, collecting and organizing information samples from web pages. The system's generative actions of collecting information samples and composing them visually are conducted iteratively over time, based on an adaptable user model. The system presents the ongoing generation of the composition to the user in an interactive information space. In this space, the user can directly manipulate the composition through interactive design operations, and affect the model by expressing positive or negative interest in each sample.We are developing mechanisms for manipulating the time-based medium of the evolving information space. Interaction design affords linear timeline traversal and non-linear time travel. Extended tape recorder metaphor controls, including jog-shuttle based navigation, provide the user with flexible means for operating the system's generative functionalities, and linearly traversing session history. We introduce a door-latch metaphor that enables one of several considered forms of non-linear time travel. Users can change history by retroactively locking an information sample in position across time.
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