India is progressively moving ahead in the field of Information technology. The concept of e-commerce is already in place whereas e-governance is also on the same track. Similarly other sectors like health, judiciaries etc. are following the path. With the advent of information technology, malevolent people now have another option to cause damage to people by doing cyber attacks rather than physical damage, wherein the impact of cyber damage is equally devastating. As people are launching themselves into the e-world completely, the Cloud as a service is now shaping up the future. Since the cloud services are available through internet, it is the need of hour to prevent cyber attacks and at the same time trace the ill-willed persons for the sake of securing business, personal information and nation. Data Mining techniques and algorithms contribute tremendously to this task of assuring security of information on the cloud. In this paper, review of various data mining techniques and algorithms is presented which can help achieve security of information on cloud.
Mobile cloud computing is computing of Mobile application through cloud. As we know market of mobile phones is growing rapidly. According to IDC, the premier global market intelligence firm, the worldwide Smartphone market grew 42.5% year over year in the first quarter of 2012.With the growing demand of Smartphone the demand for fast computation is also growing. Inspite of comparatively more processing power and storage capability of Smartphone's, they still lag behind Personal Computers in meeting processing and storage demands of high end applications like speech recognition, security software, gaming, health services etc. Mobile cloud computing is an answer to intensive processing and storage demand of real-time and high end applications. Being in nascent stage, Mobile Cloud Computing has privacy and security issues which deter the users from adopting this technology. This review paper throws light on privacy and security issues of Mobile Cloud Computing.
Background One of the primary aims of contact restriction measures during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been to protect people at increased risk of severe disease from the virus. Knowledge about the uptake of contact restriction measures in this group is critical for public health decision-making. We analysed data from the German contact survey COVIMOD to assess differences in contact patterns based on risk status, and compared this to pre-pandemic data to establish whether there was a differential response to contact reduction measures. Methods We quantified differences in contact patterns according to risk status by fitting a generalised linear model accounting for within-participant clustering to contact data from 31 COVIMOD survey waves (April 2020-December 2021), and estimated the population-averaged ratio of mean contacts of persons with high risk for a severe COVID-19 outcome due to age or underlying health conditions, to those without. We then compared the results to pre-pandemic data from the contact surveys HaBIDS and POLYMOD. Results Averaged across all analysed waves, COVIMOD participants reported a mean of 3.21 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 3.14,3.28) daily contacts (truncated at 100), compared to 18.10 (95%CI 17.12,19.06) in POLYMOD and 28.27 (95%CI 26.49,30.15) in HaBIDS. After adjusting for confounders, COVIMOD participants aged 65 or above had 0.83 times (95%CI 0.79,0.87) the number of contacts as younger age groups. In POLYMOD, this ratio was 0.36 (95%CI 0.30,0.43). There was no clear difference in contact patterns due to increased risk from underlying health conditions in either HaBIDS or COVIMOD. We also found that persons in COVIMOD at high risk due to old age increased their non-household contacts less than those not at such risk after strict restriction measures were lifted. Conclusions Over the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there was a general reduction in contact numbers in the German population and also a differential response to contact restriction measures based on risk status for severe COVID-19. This differential response needs to be taken into account for parametrisations of mathematical models in a pandemic setting.
The adoption of mobile application is increasing at enormous rate due to their improved functionality and features. Increased storage and computing power has augmented its utility. However, these mobile applications are still intrinsically limited by a relative lack of bandwidth, computing power, storage and energy compared to desktops. To overcome these limitations, the concept of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) providing abundant computing power and sufficient storage space besides large infrastructure has evolved. Cloud computing has its impact on all the stages of Software life cycle, including testing of mobile devices. In this paper we have reviewed Testing as a Service (TaaS) provided by Cloud computing. Testing of mobile application is more complex and time consuming as compared to traditional desktop applications. This paper reviews some published results in two major research fields ie cloud computing and TaaS and discusses architecture of cloud computing and TaaS in terms of necessity, features, emerging trends, benefits and gaps while focussing on security and privacy issues for mobile application. When we run our applications on the cloud, we are sharing our critical data with cloud and, therefore, security and privacy of data is a very serious issue to be considered.
Background Diagnostic tests play a crucial role during an epidemic or a pandemic, both for individual patient care, and as a tool in population-level non-pharmaceutical interventions. The development and evaluation of such tests during epidemics faces numerous challenges, including short timeframes, and changing disease prevalence, pathogen characteristics, and testing applications. In this position paper, we describe these challenges through an interdisciplinary lens and present potential solutions, based on experiences during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods We conducted a workshop that brought together experts from various disciplines involved in diagnostic test development and evaluation, from molecular test development to public health decision-making. The challenges and potential solutions we discuss are derived from discussions had and conclusions drawn in the workshop. Results We identified a feedback loop between evaluation of test accuracy, integration of test accuracy estimates in modelling studies for public health decision-making, and population-level interventions that determine testing strategies, and can define how diagnostic tests might need re-evaluation. Incorporating this feedback loop into test evaluation can help diagnostic test development be optimised for both individual patient care and population level measures. Furthermore, adaptive and seamless designs for diagnostic studies provide a promising methodological solution to narrow timeframes and the need for continuous re-evaluation of diagnostic tests during epidemic or pandemic situations. Conclusions We present a framework for diagnostic test development and evaluation that acknowledges the feedback loop between diagnostic test studies and infectious disease modelling studies, and provides solutions to challenges faced in test development and evaluation during outbreaks of emerging infectious agents.
This presentation outlines the use of Mobile Computing to automate field inspections and maintenance. At Entergy, the Mobile computing project entered the planning phase in the 90's to target three areas: Transmission Line maintenance, Vegetation Management and midSubstation maintenance. The hardware and software requirements of each of these areas are discussed. There are two distinct hardware platforms in use with customized templates for each area of application. Using a GPS system, the present location of the field device in relation to the asset (Transmission line structure or Substation) can be determined. The presentation traces the evolution of the interface between the field device and the host computer that enables data upload. The Substation application has an additional capability of tracking workflow that assists in the determination of actual time needed to complete specific maintenance tasks and in time entry.The presentation concludes with the impact of mobile computing on Entergy's maintenance program.
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