In ongoing decades, material researchers and scientists are giving more consideration towards the improvement of biobased polymer composites as various employments of items arranged by natural fibres and petrochemical polymers prompt natural awkwardness. The goal of this review paper is to provide an intensive review and applications of the foremost appropriate commonly used biodegradable polymer composites. It is imperative to build up the completely/incompletely biodegradable polymer composites without bargaining the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties which are required for the end-use applications. This reality roused to create biocomposite with better execution alongside the least natural effect. The utilization of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites is concerned with the mechanical properties that are highly dependent on the morphology, hydrophilic tendency, aspect ratio, and dimensional stability of the natural fibre. With this in-depth consideration of eco-friendly biocomposites, structural application materials in the infrastructure, automotive industry, and consumer applications of the following decade are attainable within the near future.
Al2O3 with 10 wt.% of SiC ceramic composite is synthesized at 1500°C by electrical resistance heating sintering with a holding time of 5 hours and microwave sintering methods with a holding time of 15 minutes. The samples generated by the two methods are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Experiments with both samples showed that the existence of the α-Al2O3 and β-SiC phases in both samples was verified by the findings of XRD pattern on both samples. Microstructure study illustrates that the Al2O3 matrix particles have spherical-like shape and their average matrix particle size is 67 ± 5 nm for electrical resistance heating sintered sample and 38 ± 5 nm for microwave sintered sample. The lattice strain and crystallite size of Al2O3 matrix were measured using Williamson–Hall (W-H) methods, which were achieved via the use of XRD peak broadening, based on a diffraction pattern. Three modified W-H models were used to compute other parameters, including strain (ε) and stress (σ), as well as energy density (u). These models were the uniform deformation model (UDM), the uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM), and the uniform deformation stress model (UDSM). The average crystallite sizes of α-Al2O3 attained from these three models of Williamson–Hall (W–H) methods and FESEM analysis are correlated and found very close to each other. In all three models of the W-H technique, X-ray diffraction peak profile examination of electrical resistance heating-sintered and microwave-sintered Al2O3/10 wt. % SiC ceramic composite reveals that the microwave-sintered sample has finer crystallite size with less strain.
This study was conducted to assess and compare the crack-healing ability of conventional electrical sintered and microwave sintered Al2O3/x wt. % SiC (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20) structural ceramic composites. The crack-healing ability of both conventional electrical sintered and microwave sintered specimens was studied by introducing a crack of ∼100 µm length by Vickers’s indentation and conducting a heat treatment at 1200°C for dwell time of 1 h in air. The flexural or bending strength of sintered, cracked, and crack-healed specimens was determined by three-point bending test, and the phase variations by X-ray diffraction and SEM micrographs before and after crack-healing of both the sintering methods were studied and compared. The results show that almost all the specimens recovered their strength after crack-healing, but the strength of microwave sintered Al2O3/SiC structural ceramic composites has been shown to be better than that of conventional electrical sintered Al2O3/SiC structural ceramic composites. The microwave sintered crack-healed Al2O3/10 wt. % SiC specimen shows higher flexural strength of 794 MPa, which was 105% when compared with conventional electrical sintered Al2O3/10 wt. % SiC and crack-healed Al2O3/10 wt. % SiC specimen. It was found by X-ray diffractogram that before crack-healing, all the conventional electrical sintered samples have SiO2 phase which reduce the crack-healing ability and microwave sintered samples with 15 and 20 wt. % SiC show lesser SiO2 phase and 5 and 10 wt. % SiC samples have no SiO2 phase before crack-healing. However, after crack-healing treatment, all the samples have distinct SiO2 phase along with Al2O3 and SiC phases. Microwave sintered Al2O3/10 wt. % SiC specimen cracks were fully healed which was evident in SEM micrographs.
In this experimental study, graphene oxide-blended glass-filled nylon (GO-GFN) hybrid nanopolymer composites were developed and characterized. Transmission electron microscopic studies were performed to study the dispersion of graphene oxide in glass-filled nylon composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analyses were conducted on the fabricated hybrid nanopolymer composites to analyze the mechanical and thermal stability. Mechanical properties were investigated by tensile test. The test showed improvements in young’s modulus and tensile strength. Water absorption test was conducted to study the water absorption resistance of the hybrid nanopolymer composites. Finally, roller bearings with graphene oxide and glass-filled nylon were fabricated and analyzed for wear under varying load and speed conditions in the test rig developed in-house. The tests proved the suitability of deploying hybrid nanopolymer composites for bearing applications.
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