Binge-eating disorder (BED) and night-eating syndrome (NES) are two forms of disordered eating associated with overweight and obesity. While these disorders also occur in nonobese persons, they seem to be associated with weight gain over time and higher risk of diabetes and other metabolic dysfunction. BED and NES are also associated with higher risk of psychopathology, including mood, anxiety, and sleep problems, than those of similar weight status without disordered eating. Treatments are available, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy, lisdexamfetamine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for BED; and CBT, SSRIs, progressive muscle relaxation, and bright light therapy for NES.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Eating DisordersC ognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as applied to eating disorders, is based on Beck et al.'s (1979) conceptualization of CBT as "an active, directive, time limited, structured approach used to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders" (p. 3). Just a couple of years later, Fairburn (1981) adapted the approach for the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN), and later for binge-eating disorder (BED;Fairburn et al., 1993). The core of this treatment has endured as the front-line approach for BN and BED. Arguably, anorexia nervosa (AN) has been the subject of more popular interest than BN and BED, and the focus of its treatment was originally psychodynamic (Bruch, 1970). CBT is also now a recommended treatment for AN in adults, but the evidence for its efficacy for this disorder, as we review later in the chapter, is inconsistent. 1 BN is characterized by repeated episodes of consuming objectively large amounts of food within a limited time frame paired with feeling a loss of control. Additionally, the use of compensatory behaviors intended to prevent weight gain, such as laxative use, self-induced vomiting, and compulsive exercise are employed (Lampard & Sharbanee, 2015). BN was first clinically described as we currently recognize it in 1979 by British psychiatrist Gerald Russell. Dr. Russell was treating patients with AN when he began seeing patients with "powerful and irresistible urges to overeat" in addition to an extreme fear of becoming fat (Castillo & Weiselberg, 2017, p. 85). Dr. Russell categorized these particular patients as being in a "chronic phase of anorexia nervosa" with a poorer prognosis, more resistance to treatment, and dangerous 1 Clinical examples are disguised to protect patient confidentiality.

Background Outbreaks of healthcare-associated respiratory syncytial virus (HA-RSV) infections in children are well described, but less is known about sporadic HA-RSV infections. We assessed the epidemiology and clinical outcomes associated with sporadic HA-RSV infections. Methods We retrospectively identified hospitalized children <18 years old with HA-RSV infections in six children’s hospitals in the United States during the respiratory viral seasons October-April in 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 and prospectively from October 2020 through November 2021. We evaluated outcomes temporally associated with HA-RSV infections including escalation of respiratory support, transfer to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and in-hospital mortality. We assessed demographic characteristics and comorbid conditions associated with escalation of respiratory support. Results We identified 122 children (median age 16.0 months [IQR 6, 60 months]) with HA-RSV. The median onset of HA-RSV infections was hospital day 14 (IQR 7, 34 days). Overall, 78 (63.9%) children had two or more comorbid conditions; cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurologic/neuromuscular, respiratory, and premature/ neonatal comorbidities were most common. Fifty-five (45.1%) children required escalation of respiratory support and 18 (14.8%) were transferred to the PICU. Five (4.1%) died during hospitalization. In the multivariable analysis, respiratory comorbidities (aOR: 3.36 [CI95 1.41, 8.01]) were associated with increased odds of escalation of respiratory support. Conclusions HA-RSV infections cause preventable morbidity and increase healthcare resource utilization. Further study of effective mitigation strategies for HA-respiratory viral infections should be prioritized; this priority is further supported by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on seasonal viral infections.