Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the app‐based, multimodal weight loss program zanadio.
Methods
A randomized‐controlled trial was conducted from January 2021 to March 2022. A total of 150 adults with obesity were randomized into an intervention group and used zanadio for 1 year or into a wait list control group. The primary end point, weight change, and the secondary end points, quality of life, well‐being, and waist to height ratio, were assessed every 3 months for up to 1 year via telephone interviews and online questionnaires.
Results
After 12 months, participants of the intervention group lost, on average, −7.75% (95% CI: −9.66% to −5.84%) of their initial weight, achieving a clinically relevant and statistically stronger weight reduction than the control group (mean = 0.00% [95% CI: −1.98% to 1.99%]). All secondary end points improved significantly in the intervention group, with significantly greater improvements in well‐being and waist to height ratio than in the control group.
Conclusions
This study showed that adults with obesity who have used zanadio achieved a significant and clinically relevant weight loss within 12 months and improved further obesity‐related health variables compared with a control group. Because of its effectiveness and flexible applicability, the app‐based multimodal treatment zanadio might alleviate the present care gap for patients with obesity in Germany.
Background
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in human milk are essential in immune system maturation and might play a role in the development of allergic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants. Immune system responses are modulated by sex, but data on the sex‐specific associations with PUFAs are limited. We therefore explored sex‐specific differences in human milk PUFAs and their association with AD up to 2 years.
Methods
PUFAs were measured in human milk samples from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study at 6 weeks (n = 512) and 6 months (n = 367). Associations with AD up to 2 years were evaluated using crude and multivariable logistic regression. Interactions between infant sex and PUFAs were explored by including the product term.
Results
No significant associations were observed with 6‐week data. At 6 months, the median relative proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly higher in milk for female than male infants (p = .001). Female infants whose milk was lower in quintile proportions of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) at 6 months had lower odds of AD compared to males [first vs. fifth quintile OR (95% confidence interval): 0.13 (0.02, 0.66), p = .02]. This interaction was not significant when correcting for multiple testing (α threshold: p = .004). No other statistically significant associations were observed.
Conclusion
Individual quintile PUFA proportions in human milk were not associated with AD, overall and in a sex‐specific manner. More comprehensive and statistically powered longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether potential sex differences in human milk, if any, could be of clinical relevance for infants including the investigation of mediating factors.
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