Leafhoppers, Empoasca spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and The serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera:Agromyzidae) are important harmful insect pests of faba bean, Vicia faba L.(Sakha 1 variety), which causes considerable loss in yield. So, population density of these insects and the common natural enemies in relation to sowing dates were studied on faba bean during two successive growing seasons, 2016/17 and 2017/18 at Kafr EL-Sheikh Governorate. The obtained results revealed that population densities of Empoasca spp. were higher in mid-October plantation than mid-November plantation in first and second season, respectively with two peaks during both growing season. Population densities of L. trifolii larval recorded two peaks of abundance for the first and second sowing date during the two study seasons. The rate of emerging (Opius sp.) parasitoids synchronized with high parasitism. Statistical analysis cleared that the positive higher relation between rate of parasitism and population of leafminers larvae in second plantation in first season also, between rate of parasitism and emerged parasitism in second season.The population of L. trifolii in (first season) mid-November was significant than first one. The rate of parasitism as well as the emerging parasitoids was significantly higher in mid-November than mid-October (second season)Statistical analysis cleared that the population of leafhoppers; rate of parasitism and associated predators were insignificant differ during the two planting dates, while leafminers were significant in first seasons on contrast in the second one. On the other hand, the common predatory were significantly higher on mid-October than mad-November in the second one synchronized with the highest levels of leafhoppers and leafminers. These results could be useful in developing programs of integrated insect management in faba bean fields to reduce insecticide.

Pyridinecarboxamide and neonicotinoids insecticides are used in small quantity and economically effective for control sucking pests in cotton fields. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of flonicamid, imidacloprid and dinotefuran and its compared with abamectin, carbosulfan, malathion and cholorpyrifos against cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and its associated predators, Chrysoperle carnea (larvae and adults) and spiders in cotton fields at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during 2017 and 2018 cotton seasons. Seven insecticides were applied at their field recommended rates. The obtained results proved that imidacloprid, flonicamid and dinotefuran were recorded the highest mean reduction of aphids (92.95, 86.36 and 76.16%) at 2017 and (90.95, 82.48 and 78.44%) at 2018 season. Carbosulfan and chlorpyrifos caused moderate effective against Aphis gossypii, while the least effective compound was malathion. Concerning the whitefly, imidacloprid, flonicamid and dinotefuran statistically exhibited reduction in populations of adults' stage ranged from 67.54-78.46% in 2017 and 2018 seasons and 71.04-87.26% reduction in immature stages in both seasons, while carbosulfan was the least effective compound against Bemisia tabaci (adult and immature stages). It is important to note that flonicamid, imidacloprid and dinotefuran were less harmful effect on populations of tested predators than the tested organophosphates and cabosulfan. Accordingly, flonicamid, imidacloprid and dinotefuran are useful choice for use in IPM programs to control these pests in cotton fields.

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Chloranitraniliprole, pyridalyl, indoxacarb, emamectin-benzoate and spinetoram are promising insecticides in the Lepidopteran insects control. The effect of the sublethal concentrations (LC 25 ) of these compounds on some physiological and biological aspects of the 4 th larval instar of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) laboratory strain using feeding technique was investigated. Based on the LC 50 values, emamectin-benzoat was the most effective insecticide followed by indoxacarb while spinetoram was the least toxic one. Chloranitraniliprole and pyridalyl exhibited a moderate toxic effect. The tested insecticides at LC 25 significantly decreased the consumption index, relative growth rate and efficiency of converting ingested and digested food into body tissue, while did not significantly affect the approximate digestibility. All the tested insecticides significantly prolonged the larval duration and decreased the pupal duration of S.littorallis without significant differences among them. As latent effects on survived larvae, these insecticides significantly decreased the percentages of normal pupae, adult emergence, fecundity and fertility of the pest as compared with control. Spinetoram was the least effective on the biological aspects. Pyridalyl, chloranitraniliprole, emamectin-benzoate and indoxacarb could be used as important tools in integrated management programs of S. littoralis.

The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use.Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. ABSTRACT Article History