The bacteriological examination of 200 meat samples obtained from diarrheic buffalo calves revealed that Salmonella isolates could be recovered with an incidence 2 %. Serological identification of Salmonella species by using O and H antisera revealed that the most common Salmonella serovars were Salmonella typhimurium followed by Salmonella dublin and Salmonella anatum with an incidence 1 %, 0.5% and 0.5 % respectively. Salmonella typhimurium is inactivated by 3 KGy dose of irradiation of meat and also the isolated organism for preparation of the vaccine. The result of vaccination inoculation challenge studies revealed that the prepared Salmonella typhimurium vaccine was effective in protecting rabbits from salmonellosis.

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In the present study, a total of 50 samples of poultry rations and drinking water in front of the birds (25 for each) were collected from various private broiler farms at Giza governorate. The collected samples were subjected to isolation and identification of contaminant fungi, screening of poultry feeds for aflatoxin B 1 residues, assessment of isolated A. flavus strains for aflatoxin production as well as molecular detection of the aflR gene in isolated A. flavus strains by polymerase chain reaction and molecular detection of the pathogenic Candida lusitaniae. The results showed 100 rations samples were highly contaminated with moulds, but were free from yeasts. The prevalence of mould and yeast from drinking water samples were 48% and 88%, respectively. The total mould count (log 10 CFU/g) obtained from poultry feed samples collected from poultry houses was higher than that of drinking water samples. Total mould count (log 10 CFU/g) in poultry feed samples ranged from 1.8 to 4.4 (log 10 cfu/g) while in drinking water samples ranged from 1 to 1.8 (log 10 cfu/ml). On the other side, it was found that the total yeast count of the examined drinking water ranged from 1.8 and 4. 2 (log 10 cfu/ml). Altogether, one hundred and three isolates representing 9 genera were recovered during this study. The most frequent fungi were from the genus Aspergillus, were A. flavus (17.9 %) appeared to be the most prevalent. The predominant candida species isolated from drinking water samples were C .lusitaniae (21.6 %), C. tropicals (16..2 %), C. pelliculosa (13.5 %), C .famata (10.8 %) and C. krusei (8.2%). Where Torulopsis spp. and Rhodotorula spp were also isolated with a prevalence of 4 (10.8%) and 7 (18.9 %).The aflatoxin B 1 residues were detected in 7 (28%) rations samples with a mean value of 43 µg/ kg. Gamma radiation cause complete inhibited germination of A. flavus spores at 9 kGy.

I N THE PRESENT study, the effect of different doses of gamma irradiation (1, 3, 5 and 7kGy) on the hygienic quality (microbial and sensory properties) as well as antioxidant parameters in beef meat and liver were investigated. The microbial reduction increases as the dose level of irradiation increases. Sensory examination revealed that there were no significant changes between irradiated and non-irradiated groups in color, odor and texture. Results showed that the changes in protein profile depended on radiation dose while the total protein content was stable. In addition, irradiation treatment reduced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes as well as glutathione content. It could be concluded that the use of gamma irradiation in low doses improves the hygienic quality of beef meat and liver without changing its chemical parameters while oxidative stress and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are affected in a dose-dependent manner. It is highly recommended that gamma irradiation (3kGy) in low doses could be used to improve the hygienic quality of liver and meat.