Metacognitive teaching holds an essential role today since it facilitates the development of lifelong learning skills and prepares students for their professional careers. It is crucial to show if metacognition is strongly related to epistemological beliefs, this influencing how teachers use various teaching strategies and are in tune with their students' learning process. This research sheds light on how metacognition relates to epistemological beliefs in the educational context and aims to find the relationship between these two variables and test the predictive role of epistemological beliefs on metacognition. Two selfreported instruments on a five-point Likert scale were completed by 146 pre-university teachers, who took part in our online investigation. Metacognition used in teaching practices was measured with The Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for teachers and teachers' epistemological beliefs with The Epistemological Questionnaire Beliefs Inventory. Data analysis included specific demographic characteristics such as age, teaching experience, teaching level, specialization, job type, and teaching degrees, which were related to both epistemological beliefs and metacognitive awareness. In terms of the relationship between epistemological beliefs and metacognitive awareness, a strong predictive model has been revealed: epistemological beliefs are a strong predictor of metacognitive awareness. The findings are analysed in relation to their practical implications.
Difficulties in reading comprehension and gender differences are increasing concerns for the educational systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate gender differences concerning reading enjoyment, perceived competence, perceived reading difficulty and performance in reading. Using a secondary data analysis of the 2018 PISA survey, this research paper assessed the differences between boys and girls in reading literacy on a sample of Romanian students. Difficulties in reading comprehension were found to be an issue for most of the Romanian students while gender differences were present for all the analysed dimensions, girls outperforming boys in the reading performance, reading enjoyment and perceived competencies in reading but scoring lower levels of the perceived difficulty in reading. Further research is needed to develop intervention programmes.
This study presents the results of an investigation focused on the university position towards innovation. 219 students, future teachers for preschool and primary education, have been involved in the survey and voluntarily filled in an online questionnaire. The results indicate that most students agree that the development of innovation skills has to be an aim of the current educational system and that it's an important objective of their university. Still, a high percent of students disagrees with the fact that they have enough time to be innovative and that university is a proper environment to be innovative. However, most participants agreed that teachers can stimulate the students' interest for innovation and they also have an active role in cultivating their capacity for innovation. Participants believe that all students should benefit from programs focused on the development of their innovation skills, not only those students with an innovative potential. The answers of participants suggest that university is theoretically opened toward innovation and the development of students' innovative skills. However, in practice there are some malfunctions, as the results of the study indicate.
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, education systems have adopted as a solution a high-speed transfer of face-to-face courses into online or distance ones. Moreover, teachers have been given very little or no guidance or prior training about online synchronous and asynchronous learning, online effective teaching strategies, proper digital gadgets and teaching platforms. There have consistently been reports that teachers have a higher risk of developing psychological disorders in comparison with people from other professional fields. Therefore, the research paper also investigates a concept frequently studied nowadays in connection with mental health, wellbeing-as it enhances the development of personal skills and the realization of personal potential. The study was conducted to assess and compare Israeli and Romanian pre-university teachers' digital competence and wellbeing after three semesters of virtual environment mediated teaching. Two self-reported scales with excellent psychometric value were used for gathering data, namely The Competence Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu) and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). The results showcase the differences and similarities of the two groups of teachers regarding six areas of digital competencies of educators proposed by the European Framework and wellbeing status. Finally, future research and teacher training issues are discussed.
"This article deals with scarcity of goods, consumption, and the ethics of photographing scarcity of goods in contemporary Cuba. It is based on a six-month ethnographic research conducted in 2015 and 2018 respectively and shows some of the photographs I took during these two visits. In the first part I discuss the scarcity and distribution of goods in and out of socialist environments, differences between capitalism and communism and non-traditional methods of consumption. How do desires of consumption impact people in contemporary communist Cuban society? What is the role of Cuban diaspora in sending so-called capitalist goods to Cuba? It also draws a connecting line between a state-controlled communist economy and specific forms of capitalist entrepreneurship, through the existence of a black market and the distribution of goods between people. The second part of the article questions my position in the field as an outsider who was gradually familiarized with the Cuban understanding of the world more generally, and of consumption specifically. How did locals react to photographs taken by foreigners like me? How can two children share one pair of roller skates and distribute their happiness? Making visible certain aspects of scarcity in contemporary communist Cuban society made me realize that photography has a profound ethical dimension."
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