An experimental program to test the effectiveness of dispersants in an open-ocean, cold-water environment was conducted off St. John's, Newfoundland in the fall of 1981. The dispersion of Lago Medio oil by Corexit® 9527 was investigated by using surface and subsurface sampling techniques combined with remote sensing which employed infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), and visual sensors to define the surface slick and show the position of the sampling vessels within the slick. Infrared photography was used to estimate the area of the thick slick because IR “coolness” (darker gray level) appears to be indicative of thicker oil. The total extent of the slick was determined from the reflectance in the UV region. Both photographic and line-scanning imagery was used in the UV, and a line scanner in the IR. Measurements were taken from a height of 500 to 800 m every 20 min of both a control slick and a slick to which dispersant had been applied from the air. A comparison of the two slicks shows a difference in the dynamics and gives some indication of the nature of the dispersion process. Problems with sampling and determination of hydrocarbons in the water column prevented the comparison of remote sensing results with those from water column chemistry. As a result of these experiments, it is shown that remote sensing can be used to obtain quantitative data on the spreading characteristics of an oil slick and hence changes in interfacial tension that effect dispersion as well as spreading. This technique has the potential to measure the effectiveness of a dispersant without the need for an extensive water sampling program.
Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) has historically been known by several names: generalized juvenile periodontitis, rapidly progressive periodontitis, and severe periodontitis. The assignment of different names for a disease with an unusual combination of clinical symptoms indicates that GAgP has been viewed, by most clinicians, as a distinctly different disease from chronic periodontitis [1-3].
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