No abstract

Every decision we make is accompanied by an estimate of the likelihood that our decision is accurate or appropriate. This likelihood estimate is termed our degree of decision confidence. Recent work has uncovered event-related potential (ERP) correlates of confidence both during decision formation and after a decision has been made. However, the interpretation of these findings is complicated by methodological issues related to ERP amplitude measurement that are prevalent across existing studies. To more accurately characterise the neural correlates of confidence, we presented participants with a difficult perceptual decision task that elicited a broad range of confidence ratings. We identified a frontal ERP component within an onset prior to the behavioural response, which exhibited more positive-going amplitudes in trials with higher confidence ratings. This frontal effect also biased measures of the centro-parietal positivity (CPP) component at parietal electrodes via volume conduction. Amplitudes of the error positivity (Pe) component that followed each decision were negatively associated with confidence for trials with decision errors, but not for trials with correct decisions. We provide evidence for both pre- and post-decisional neural correlates of decision confidence that are observed in trials with correct and erroneous decisions, respectively. Our findings suggest that certainty in having made a correct response is associated with frontal activity during decision formation, whereas certainty in having committed an error is instead associated with the post-decisional Pe component. We additionally show that some previously reported associations between decision confidence and CPP/Pe component amplitudes are (at least partly) a consequence of ERP amplitude measurement-related confounds.

Date Presented 04/02/2022 OT is an emerging practice area in criminal justice and rarely applied with people sentenced to life as juveniles, who have served more than 25 years and have new potential for parole. A review of 21 OT evaluations revealed 85 different occupational performance goals and related barriers (n = 18) and facilitators (n = 12) to preparing for release. The complexities of setting goals to address prison-to-community transition are explored, along with implications for OT needs in prison reentry services. Primary Author and Speaker: Lisa Jaegers Additional Authors and Speakers: Christine Picker, Jessica Neff, Mackenzie Murphy, Serena Blank, Grace Kanary, Natalie Schur Contributing Authors: Karen Barney

Date Presented 04/21/2023 We will present the results from a long-term process evaluation of the Occupational Therapy Transition and Integration Services (OTTIS) reentry program. Lessons learned will be explored with examples of how the program has evolved over the past 4.5 years, working with people who are incarcerated. Primary Author and Speaker: Lisa Jaegers Additional Authors and Speakers: Christine Picker, Mackenzie Murphy Contributing Authors: Karen Barney

Patient comorbidities and risk factors are important to the success of any operation, and knowing about them before surgery can help clinicians anticipate perioperative complications and optimize patient conditions. This article describes key considerations in the preoperative assessment of patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery and describes risk stratification for common conditions.