The genus Meloidogyne includes species of the most common nematodes to affect crops around the world. The species M. enterolobii is notable for affecting and causing serious losses in the production of guava trees and various other economically important crops in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of 10 plant species to parasitism by M. enterolobii, and the in vitro and in vivo effects of their leaf extracts on the pathogen. Initially seedlings of Solenostemon scutellarioides, Dieffenbachia amoena, Spigelia anthelmia, Plumbago scandens, Ricinus communis, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Azadirachta indica, Morinda citrifolia, Jatropha curcas and Datura stramonium were inoculated with 5,000 eggs of M. enterolobii to evaluate their susceptibility to nematode infection. For the test in vitro, a 5% concentration of the leaf extracts were added to Petri dishes, and 50 J2 of M. enterolobii were placed in each dish. After 48 hours incubation, the juveniles were evaluated for motility and mortality in the extracts. For the test in vivo, leaf extracts were used at the same concentration, however with only the seven most-promising in vitro species. This assay included the following sequence: inoculation of 5,000 eggs in autoclaved and moist soil contained in 1L pots; application of 30 ml of extract to the soil after 24 hours; transplanting of ‘Santa Clara’ tomato seedlings the following day; and reapplying the extract after 7 and 14 days. The results were evaluated 45 days after nematode inoculation. It was seen that the species D. amoena, R. communis, A. indica, M. citrifolia, J. curcas and D. stramonium displayed highly resistant behaviour; S. anthelmia, P. scandens and C. ambrosioides were very resistant, whereas S. scutelarioides was susceptible to the nematode. With the in vitro test, extracts from seven of the 10 species caused 70.4% to 97.4% J2 mortality. Applying the best leaf extracts to the soil was efficient in reducing M. enterolobii infestation in roots of the tomato.

<p>No Nordeste, é comum a utilização de embalagens inadequadas para transporte de frutos,acarretando injúrias que servem como porta de entrada de patógenos. Objetivou-se avaliar a incidência de podridão, severidade e ocorrência fúngica em goiaba ‘Paluma’ transportada em dois tipos de embalagens. Frutos foram colhidos na Fazenda Mocó, Aparecida, Paraíba, no estádio de maturação “de vez”, e submetidos aos tratamentos por impacto através de queda à altura de 85cm sob piso industrial, caracterizando os tratamentos: T₁, frutos submetidos a impacto, embalagem em caixa plástica de polietileno; T₂, frutos submetidos a impacto, embalagem em caixa de papelão; T_3,frutos sem impacto, embalagem em caixa plástica de polietileno; T_4, frutos sem impacto, embalagem em caixa de papelão; T_5, testemunha, frutos sem injúria mecânica. As amostras foram transportados por 45 km, até o Laboratório de Fitopatologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal. Os resultados de severidade mostraram que o tratamento T₁ difere significativamente dos demais. Os tratamentos T₁ e T₂ apresentaram maior incidência de frutos com podridões. A maior ocorrência de fungos foi verificada nos tratamentos com caixa plástica, mostrando que este tipo de embalagem favorece a incidência fúngica.</p><p><strong><em>Fungal occurrence in  guava 'paluma' submitted to impact and transported in two types of packaging</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>In the Northeast it is common the use of inadequate packaging for fruit transportation, causing injuries that serve as pathogen gateway. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of rot, fungal severity and occurrence in guava 'Paluma' transported in two types of packaging. Fruits were collected at farm Mocó, Aparecida – PB during maturation "of time," and subjected to treatment by impact through the fall height of 85 cm under industrial floor, featuring treatments: T1, fruits subjected to impact, packaging in plastic polyethylene box; T2, fruits subjected to impact, packing in cardboard box; T3, fruit without impact, packaging in plastic polyethylene box; T4, fruit without impact, packing in cardboard box; T5, witness, fruit without mechanical injury. These were carried by 45 km, to the Phytopathology Laboratory of CCTA. The results show that the severity of the treatment T1 differs significantly from the others. The T1 and T2 had a higher incidence of decayed fruits.</p>