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A b s t r a c tBackground: Surgery of the aortic arch is challenging. Aim:To assess the results of aortic arch surgery. Methods:Analysis of 172 patients operated on arch dissection (emergency group: 97 patients) or aneurysm (elective group: 75 patients) between 2007 and 2014. Arch surgery was defined as a procedure requiring circumferential anastomosis at the level of the aortic arch or the descending aorta with the use of techniques of brain protection (deep hypothermic circulatory arrest [DHCA] or selective antegrade cerebral perfusion [SACP]) and/or debranching of at least one supra-aortic vessel.Results: Men predominated in both groups (> 70%). Men were younger in the emergency group (55 vs. 66 years; p < 0.008). The operative risk was higher in the emergency group (19.2% vs. 12.5%; p < 0.001). Forty-nine per cent of the patients from the emergency group and 5% from the elective group were operated with antiplatelet therapy (p < 0.001). Extended hemiarch procedure was performed in 79% (n = 77) in the emergency and 76% (n = 57) in the elective group. Total arch replacement was performed in 19 (21%) patients from the emergency and 18 (24%) patients from the elective group. In these patients debranching was performed in 68% of the emergency patients group and in 67% of the elective group. Elephant trunk procedure (classic/frozen) was performed in 53% (n = 10) from the emergency and in 78% (n = 14) of patients from the elective group. Aortic valve sparing surgery was performed in 20% of patients from the emergency and 9% from the elective group (p = 0.063). DHCA was performed in 58% (n = 43) of patients from the elective group and 39% (n = 37) from the emergency group. SACP was performed in 61% (n = 58) of patients from the emergency and 42% (n = 31) from the elective group. Thirty-day mortality in the emergency group reached 33% (n = 32), and in the elective group 15% (n = 11; p = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, predictors of death in the emergency group were: Logistic EuroSCORE above 19.5%, extracorporeal circulation time above 228 min, and postoperative acute renal failure (ARF); and in the elective group: DHCA time above 26 min, rethoracotomy due to bleeding, and ARF. Follow-up was completed in 100% of patients in terms of vital status. The mean follow-up time of the patients from the emergency group was 24.3 ± 27.10 (min 0, max 92) months, and from the elective group 30.3 ± 24.5 (min 0, max 99) months. During the follow-up period all-cause mortality in the emergency group was 43% (n = 42/97), and in the elective group it was 36% (n = 27/75). Conclusions:Early mortality in the emergency group was higher, while long-term mortality did not differ among the groups. Postoperative ARF is a critical predictor of mortality in both groups.

Background Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) reduces the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. It can be performed surgically from the inside of the left atrium or from the outside. Stapling or clipping devices can also be used from the outside. Despite providing an excellent interior view of the appendage, those techniques cannot be implemented during minimally invasive mitral valve surgery conducted through right -sided minithoracotomy. aims This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of surgical closure of the left atrial appendage from the inside during minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. methods A total of 50 patients with mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation who underwent minimally invasive mitral valve surgery and LAAC between 2012 and 2017 were included in this study. The appendage was closed from the inside using a continuous suture. After a median follow -up of 1.6 years after surgery, 19 patients were examined by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Transesophageal echocardiography was performed to assess whether the appendage had been effectively closed. When any leakage was suspected, cardiac computed tomography was performed. results In 19 patients, TEE was performed at 0.5 to 5 years after the surgery. A single patient did not tolerate TEE, and minimal leakage was suspected in 2 patients. All 3 individuals underwent computed tomography examination, which confirmed leakage in a single patient. conclusions Surgical LAAC during minimally invasive mitral valve surgery through right minithoracotomy is an effective technique that provides durable results.

We have previously shown that cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists, AM251 and AM630, respectively, modulate cardiostimulatory effects of isoprenaline in atria of Wistar rats. The aim of the present study was to examine whether such modulatory effects can also be observed (a) in the human atrium and (b) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Inotropic effects of isoprenaline and/or CGP12177 (that activate the high‐ and low‐affinity site of β1‐adrenoceptors, respectively) were examined in paced human atrial trabeculae and rat left atria; chronotropic effects were studied in spontaneously beating right rat atria. AM251 modified cardiostimulatory effects more strongly than AM630. Therefore, AM251 (1 μM) enhanced the chronotropic effect of isoprenaline in WKY and SHR as well as inotropic action of isoprenaline in WKY and in human atria. It also increased the inotropic influence of CGP12177 in SHR. AM630 (1 μM) decreased the inotropic effect of isoprenaline and CGP12177 in WKY, but enhanced the isoprenaline‐induced inotropic effect in SHR and human atria. Furthermore, AM251 (0.1 and 3 μM) and AM630 (0.1 μM) reduced the inotropic action of isoprenaline in human atria. In conclusion, cannabinoid receptor antagonists have potentially harmful and beneficial effects through their amplificatory effects on β‐adrenoceptor‐mediated positive chronotropic and inotropic actions, respectively.

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